25 Jul 2020

Taiwan Foundation For Democracy Dissertation Fellowship 2020

Application Deadline: 15th October 2020

About the Award: The Taiwan Foundation for Democracy seeks to promote an understanding of Taiwan’s democracy and human rights development among the future generation of scholars and practitioners. To this end, Dissertation Fellows may reside in Taiwan for up to one year to carry out in-depth, relevant research. Applicants are encouraged to form relationships with organizations and institutions dealing with democracy and human rights issues based in Taiwan. The TFD hopes that through an active exchange of ideas and expertise, Dissertation Fellows may share their experience with Taiwanese academics, practitioners, NGOs, and think tanks to further encourage democracy and human rights in Taiwan and internationally.

Type: Fellowship

Eligibility:
  • At the time of application, Dissertation Fellowship applicants should be enrolled in a full-time PhD program or equivalent in a field relevant to their proposed research.
  • They should also have completed all the requirements for their PhD, except for the dissertation.
  • When submitting an application for a Dissertation Fellowship, please remember that in making its final decision, the TFD considers the relevance of the proposed research topic to the mission of the TFD, the potential contributions that the research can make to the field of democracy and human rights, and the experience and qualifications of the applicant.
  • As the Dissertation Fellowship is designed for foreign scholars, Taiwanese citizens are not eligible to apply.
Eligible Countries: International

To be Taken at (Country): Taiwan

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: The TFD awards all Dissertation Fellows with a stipend of NT$40,000 – NT$45,000 per month to assist with living expenses in Taiwan, according to the evaluation of our reviewers. In addition, the TFD will reimburse all Dissertation Fellows who are outside of Taiwan at the time their fellowships begin for the cost of one round-trip plane ticket to Taiwan. The TFD offers business cards and limited, shared office space for all Dissertation Fellows.

Duration of Award: 6-12 months

How to Apply:
  • All Dissertation Fellowship applicants are required to fill out a complete application form, which can be downloaded from this webpage, then send the hard copy bearing the applicant’s original signature by mail to TFD before the deadline, together with a copy of their curriculum vitae.
  • In addition, two letters of recommendation should be sent as PDF files directly from the referees’ official email account (university or institution) to TFD at fellows@tfd.org.tw.
  • It is important to go through all application requirements in the Award Webpage (see Link below) before applying.
Visit Award Webpage for Details

Slovak Government National Scholarship Programme 2020/2021

Application Deadline: 31st October 2020 (16:00 CET)

Eligible Countries: International

To Be Taken At (Country): Slovakia

About the Award: The National Scholarship Programme of the Slovak Republic supports mobility of international students, PhD students, university teachers, researchers and artists for scholarship stays at higher education institutions and research organisations in Slovakia.

Type: Short Courses/Training

Eligibility: Eligible applicants for a scholarship in the framework of the NSP:

A) students who:
  • are university students at universities outside Slovakia;
  • are students of the second level of higher education (master’s students), or are students who at the time of application deadline have already completed at least 2.5 years of their university studies in the same study programme;
  • will be on a study stay in Slovakia during their higher education outside Slovakia and who will be accepted by a public, private or state university in Slovakia for an academic mobility1 to study in Slovakia.
All 3 conditions must be met. This category does not apply to doctoral (PhD) studies (or their equivalent).

B) PhD students whose higher education or scientific training takes place outside Slovakia and who are accepted by a public, private or state university or a research institution in Slovakia eligible to carry out a doctoral study programme2 (e.g. the Slovak Academy of Sciences) for an academic mobility1 to study/conduct research in Slovakia.

C) international university teachers, researchers and artists who are invited to a teaching/research/artistic stay in Slovakia by an institution with a valid certificate of eligibility to carry out research and development, which is not a business company and it has its headquarters in Slovakia.

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: The scholarship is intended to cover international scholarship holders’ living costs, i.e. the costs related to staying in Slovakia (food, accommodation, etc.), during their study, research/artistic or teaching stay at universities and in research organisations in Slovakia. The scholarship holder can ask for assistance concerning accommodation and formalities related to entering and staying in the territory of the Slovak Republic either his/her host institution, or he/she can handle all the necessities him-/herself.
In addition, students and PhD students (eligible applicants under the category A) and B) can be awarded a travel allowance, if they apply for it along with their scholarship application.

Duration of Program: 
  • Duration of a scholarship stay (students): 1 – 2 semesters (i.e. 4 – 5 or 9 – 10 months) or 1 – 3 trimesters, in case the academic year is divided into trimesters (i.e. 3 – 4 or 6 – 7 or 9 – 10 months).
  • Duration of a scholarship stay (PhD students): 1 – 10 months.
  • Duration of a scholarship stay (university teachers, researchers or artists): 1 – 10 months.
How to Apply: Scholarship applications are submitted online at www.scholarships.skOnline application system is opened at least 6 weeks prior to the application deadline. Applications can be filled in only in case that the online application system has already been opened.
Applicants must fill in their online applications and upload all the required attachments in required format to their online application. It is necessary to go through the Application Procedure in the Program Webpage (Link below) before applying.

Visit Programme Webpage for Details

Important Notes: Applicants are recommended not to submit their applications at the last moment. Number of operations executed within the last minutes prior to the application deadline may have an influence on the reaction time of the application system. Please, keep that in mind, in order not to miss the application deadline

Wellcome Trust International Training Fellowships in Public Health and Tropical Medicine 2021

Application Deadline: The preliminary application deadline is 5 November 2020 and full application deadline is 4th February 2021.

Eligible Countries: Low- and middle-income countries

To be taken at (country): Fellowships can be taken in Low- and middle-income countries (See list of countries below)

Eligible Field of Study: Fellowships are awarded in the field of Public Health

About the Award: This scheme offers research experience and training to early-stage researchers from low- and middle-income countries. The scheme aims to support research that will improve public health and tropical medicine at a local, national and global level.

Type: Postdoctoral, Research

Eligibility: A researcher can apply for a Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine if:
  • They’re a researcher based in a low- or middle-income country.
  • They must want to undertake a guided period of research so that you can consolidate your existing experience and explore new areas of research.
  • They must be a national of a low- or middle-income country and have:
    • a PhD and be an early-career researcher or
    • a degree in a subject relevant to public health or tropical medicine and some initial research experience or
    • a degree in medicine and be qualified to enter higher specialist training and some initial research experience.
  • If you don’t have a PhD, we’d expect you to register for one if you’re awarded this fellowship.
  • You must have an eligible sponsoring organisation in a low- or middle-income country that will administer the fellowship for the full duration of the award.
  • If you’ve been away from research (eg for a career break, maternity leave, or long-term sick leave), we’ll allow for this when we consider your application.
Selection Criteria:
  • your research experience
  • the quality and importance of your research question(s)
  • your knowledge of the scientific area
  • the feasibility of your proposal
  • the suitability of your choice of research sponsors and environments
  • your vision of how this fellowship will contribute to your career development.
We encourage fellows to collaborate with researchers in other low- and middle-income countries.
At the end of this fellowship, you should be able to show:
  • you have the potential to be an independent leader in your area of research
  • you have the skills and experience to apply for more advanced (intermediate level) funding schemes.
Number of Awardees: Not specified

Value of Fellowship: Support includes:
  • A basic salary (determined by your host organisation)
  • Personal removal expenses
  • Research expenses, directly related to your proposal
  • course fees – in most cases, you must register for your higher degree at a local academic organisation.
Duration of Fellowship: 3 years. A Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine is normally for three years, and can be held on a part-time basis. The fellowship can be for up to four years if you want to do Master’s training or a diploma course relevant to the research proposal.

List of Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Dem. Rep., Congo, Rep., Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Arab Rep., El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia,  Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Rep., Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Dem Rep., Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, FYR, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, RB, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Rep., Zambia and Zimbabwe.

How to Apply: Applicants must submit their application through the Wellcome Trust Grant Tracker (WTGT).

Visit Fellowship Webpage for details

Wellcome Trust International Masters Fellowships 2021

Application Deadline: 1st September 2020, 17:00 BST

Eligible Countries: Low and Middle Income Countries

To be taken at (country): UK

About Scholarship: This scheme strengthens scientific research capacity in low- and middle-income countries, by providing support for junior researchers to gain research experience and high-quality research training at Masters Degree level.
Research projects should be aimed at understanding and controlling diseases (either human or animal) of relevance to local, national or global health. This can include laboratory based molecular analysis of field or clinical samples, but projects focused solely on studies in vitro or using animal models will not normally be considered under this scheme.

Type: Masters, Fellowship

Eligibility: Interested candidate should apply if they:
  • are a national of a low- or middle-income country
  • hold a clinical or non-clinical undergraduate degree in a subject relevant to public health or tropical medicine.
You must also:
  • be at an early stage in your career with limited research experience (but you must have a demonstrated interest in, or aptitude for, research)
  • have sponsorship from an eligible host organisation in a low- or middle-income country
  • have a research proposal that is within our public health and tropical medicine remit.
Candidate CANNOT apply if they are:
  • intending to be based in the UK, Republic of Ireland or another high-income country(opens in a new tab) (although your taught course can be anywhere in the world)
  • a researcher in India – instead see the Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance(opens in a new tab)
  • currently applying for another Wellcome Trust fellowship.
Selection Criteria: 
  • the quality and importance of your research question(s)
  • the feasibility of your approach to solving these problems
  • the suitability of your choice of research environments
  • the suitability of the taught Master’s course you select – it should take place at a recognised centre of excellence and provide you with training that will complement your research project.
Benefits: £120,000 including salary, studentship stipend, fees and research expenses.

Duration: This fellowship normally provides up to 30 months’ support. A period of 12 months should normally be dedicated to undertaking a taught Masters course at a recognized centre of excellence, combined with up to 18 months to undertake a research project.

Eligible African Countries: Algeria, Angola,  Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Dem. Rep. , Congo, Rep., Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Federation Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey , Uganda, Ukraine,  Rep. Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Other Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,  Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Arab Rep., El Salvador, Fiji, The Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Rep. Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Korea, Dem Rep., Kosovo, Kyrgyz, Republic Lao PDR, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mayotte, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea,  Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russian, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, Serbia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. ,Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Syrian, Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, RB Vietnam,  West Bank and Gaza Yemen,

How to Apply: Visit link below

Visit Scholarship Webpage for details

Zimbabwe: Social unrest grows amid economic collapse

Stephan McCoy

Zimbabwe’s currency has collapsed against the US dollar and inflation has risen to a catastrophic 785 percent. The already desperate economic situation, exacerbated by the COVID-19 lockdown, is fueling mounting opposition and social unrest.
The country has so far recorded 2,124 coronavirus cases and 28 deaths, with the epicentre of the coronavirus currently at Bulawayo with 593 cases followed by Harare (579) and Matabeleland South (338).
In June, the Joint Operations Command (JOC) that includes officials from the military, police and secret service and is the highest body coordinating state security, sidestepped the ZANU-PF government of President Emmerson Mnangagwa. One of long-time ruler Robert Mugabe’s closest political associates, Mnangagwa succeeded him in 2017 after he led a military coup. Hailed as a reformer, the euphoria soon disappeared.
The security chiefs ordered the closure of the country’s stock exchange, saying it was being used to sabotage the economy. In an unprecedented development following rumours of a coup plot, several generals were forced to call a press conference to say they were not plotting Mnangagwa’s overthrow.
The JOC terminated Old Mutual’s listing on the stock exchange, the biggest insurer and largest company by market value that helps “determine the future cost of goods and services” in the country. It also shut down Ecocash, a mobile money service, claiming that it was being used for money laundering and black-market activities that caused cash shortages hitting the poor and most vulnerable hardest. Ecocash is used by millions of Zimbabweans to pay for their daily transactions.
The price of food and basic commodities has skyrocketed. Food and medical equipment shortages are widespread. Rising transport costs have forced people, including health care workers, to walk to work. The monthly pay of nurses and teachers—now worth just $30—has evaporated, as the Zimbabwe dollar has plunged to just one cent of the US dollar.
Zimbabwe currently requires at least US$300 million to feed 8 million people, around 60 percent of the population, in danger of starving, an increase of 3 million from last year. Drought has slashed food production in what was once the continent’s breadbasket, as climate change makes disasters like last year’s Cyclone Idai more common. Zimbabwe is now one of the most food insecure places on the planet along with South Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia.
Last year’s maize harvest in Zimbabwe was down 50 percent on 2018, with overall cereal output less than half the national requirement. By August of 2019, the World Food Programme (WFP) was forced to launch an emergency lean season assistance programme to meet rising needs, months earlier than anticipated.
Niels Balzer, the WFP’s Deputy Country Director in Zimbabwe, said that the WFP planned to double the 4.1 million it was assisting, saying, “Firm pledges are urgently needed as it can take up to three months for funding commitments to become food on people’s tables.”
The economy is set to contract between 4.5 percent and 10 percent, far above the continent average of 3.2 percent for Sub-Saharan Africa predicted by the IMF.
The government has slashed public spending, even as it hands out sweeteners in the form of luxury vehicles for senior officials to shore up its base of support, in a bid to reduce the budget deficit to 1.5 percent of GDP.
According to Bloomberg , the government has agreed to pay $3.5 billion in compensation to white commercial farmers evicted from their land two decades ago, in a bid to find some rapprochement with the imperialist powers, after making promises to China in 2018 of a more liberal investment and trade policy. Finance Minister Mtuli Ncube’s most recent request to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank for aid to deal with the country’s economic and health care catastrophe was again rejected.
Mnangagwa, aware of the mounting unrest and social opposition, instructed finance minister Mtuli Ncube to arm riot police with water cannons and all-terrain troop carriers. The government has reimposed a dusk-till-dawn curfew that will limit the number of hours business can open, restrict movement between cities and heavily increase the presence of military and police on the streets.
The government is also exploiting the recent surge in coronavirus cases to crack down on mounting opposition, arresting Hopewell Chin’ono, a prominent journalist known for his reporting on the country’s rampant corruption. Another arrested was Jacob Ngarivhume, the leader of the small opposition party, Transform Zimbabwe. They are charged with “incitement to participate in public violence,” presumed to be linked to a protest against corruption to be held on July 31.Their arrests follow a series of detentions of government critics over the last few months, with many being assaulted, humiliated or threatened by usually unidentified men and told not to criticise the government.
The security forces have arrested striking nurses for protesting poverty wages, appalling work conditions and the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), charging them with contravening COVID-19 national lockdown regulations. Despite this intimidation, at least 15,000 nurses have continued their strike. They have been on strike for more than a month, with only student nurses and those on probation reporting for work at hospitals. Other health workers, have reportedly taken leave days, forcing some hospitals to close casualty departments that had remained operational.
Doctors are also set to join the strike. The Zimbabwe Senior Hospital Doctors Association said, “We are finding it difficult to continue offering services in our workstations because of a number of challenges ... for which no solution has been proffered.” They are demanding their wages be paid in US dollars.
Nurses and doctors have borne the brunt of the coronavirus pandemic. At least 200 medical workers have tested positive for COVID-19, forcing hospitals to close. In Midlands province, 25 nurses at Zvishavane Provincial Hospital tested positive, while three nurses at Claybank Private Hospital in Gweru tested positive. In Bulawayo, 70 nurses tested positive, including 51 student nurses, employed by the government in an attempt to break the strike.
Nurses have abandoned United Bulawayo Hospitals and Mpilo Central Hospital as the government’s failure to provide adequate PPE and cleaning have turned them into death traps. At Mpilo, 197 staff members were forced into quarantine and 12 nurses tested positive. At United Bulawayo Hospitals, 42 nurses and 26 student nurses were forced into quarantine after a 79-year-old woman died of the coronavirus.
Prisons have become the latest hotspot for the spread of the virus, with 43 inmates and 23 prison officers testing positive at Bulawayo Prison. Superintendent Meya Khanyezi told the Chronicle, “Like the national statistics, cases keep rising and we are doing our level best to contain the situation in all our prisons.” She appealed for donations to help inmates sanitise and wash their clothes.
The reopening of schools, set for July 28, has been pushed back. Universities and colleges have also been ordered closed, with face-to-face lectures suspended and classes restricted to online learning. Higher and Tertiary Education Permanent Secretary Professor Fanuel Tagwira said the decision was made after a lecturer at Chinhoyi University of Technology tested positive for COVID-19.
The opposition and pro-imperialist Movement for Democratic Change Alliance, along with the trade unions, is trying to corral the growing opposition to Mnangagwa behind it, organising mass protests for July 31.

Australia’s COVID-19 death toll rising rapidly

Oscar Grenfell

As Australia’s coronavirus fatalities mounted on a daily basis, the “national cabinet” that effectively rules the country outside the constitutional framework of parliament, yesterday reaffirmed the pro-business policies that have resulted in a major spike in infections over the past six weeks.
The gathering of state, territory and federal government leaders graphically demonstrated that the official response to the pandemic is dictated by the profit interests of the corporate elite, not public health or science. Their media statement said they discussed “easing restrictions” and “getting the economy moving again.”
Acting chief medical officer Paul Kelly said the “main issue” at the meeting was to “recommit to the suppression strategy” adopted at the beginning of the pandemic.
This involves allowing community transmission of the virus to continue, on the pretext that any outbreaks can be contained. Its consequence has been the resurgence of infections, with the pandemic spiraling out of control.
A woman gets tested at a drive-through COVID-19 testing center in Fawkner, Melbourne [Credit: @JoanWil85024201, Twitter]
There are some 4,000 active cases in the state of Victoria, the current epicentre, with hundreds of new infections every day. This compares with just two new cases across Australia on June 9, shortly after the governments began their premature lifting of partial shutdown measures.
The reaffirmation of this “strategy” was a rebuke of epidemiologists, who have called for adequate lockdown measures, especially in the Victorian capital of Melbourne. They have raised the need for the closure of all schools, along with non-essential workplaces, both of which have been major centres of transmission.
Prime Minister Scott Morrison gave voice to the ruling elite’s criminal indifference to the health and safety of ordinary people. He declared there was some “better news from Victoria.” On the same day, 300 new cases were announced in the state and seven people died. Five more deaths were announced this morning, bringing the total to 18 over the past three days, the fastest increase in fatalities yet, together with 357 new cases and 15 in neighbouring NSW.
Morrison insisted that the national cabinet would proceed with its “three-stage plan,” unveiled at the end of May, for the full “reopening of the economy,” even as the virus spreads.
Addressing the National Press Club yesterday, federal Treasurer Josh Frydenberg spelt out the calculations. “A strict elimination strategy would cripple our economy and require us to shut down many more sectors and not allow anyone to enter the country,” he said.
Instead, workers are being pushed back into unsafe workplaces to allow for the resumption of corporate profit-making. Some 80 percent of infections in Victoria have originated in workplaces, including factories, warehouses and retail outlets.
The national cabinet is also imposing a further pro-business restructuring of the economy, centred on massive tax cuts for the wealthy, a union-enforced overhaul of industrial relations and the elimination of “red-tape.”
The only other substantive announcement from the meeting was a “streamlining” of environmental regulations. All the leaders agreed to fast-track some 15 corporate developments, worth an estimated $17 billion.
Morrison said there was “unanimous support” for “single touch approvals” for projects, reducing to a minimum any scrutiny of the environmental impact of big business developments.
Meanwhile, COVID-19 fatalities are set to soar. There are some 206 coronavirus patients in Victorian hospitals, with 42 in intensive care. That compares to fewer than 20 hospital patients at the beginning of July.
Morrison flatly rejected any suggestion of failure by aged-care operators, despite the sector emerging as the main centre of death and serious questions being raised about safety measures.
There are now 536 cases linked to 40 aged-care facilities across Melbourne’s metropolitan area, with five new outbreaks detected late last week. Of Victoria’s seven deaths on Friday, five were linked to nursing homes.
Staff members, many forced to work without personal protection equipment, are being infected in the dozens. They are among the most exploited and lowly-paid sections of the working class. Many are employed on a part-time basis in multiple facilities, creating the conditions for widespread transmission.
Professor Julian Rait, Victorian president of the Australian Medical Association, warned on Thursday that the sector may not have a sufficient healthy staff to continue functioning. “We are concerned aged care may be so under pressure in just the next few days it will cause collapse and severe system stress,” Rait warned. Already there are reports of aged care employees being bussed in from interstate.
The Victorian Labor government of Premier Daniel Andrews is continuing the policies that resulted in large fatalities at nursing homes in the neighbouring state of New South Wales early in the pandemic. It is refusing to hospitalise most aged care patients who test positive, even though they are in an extreme at-risk demographic, instead waiting until they are gravely-ill.
There is a shortage of capacity in the chronically underfunded public healthcare system. By today, 313 healthcare workers had contracted COVID-19. According to media reports, hundreds more have had to self-isolate after coming into contact with the virus. Already a “reserve” of doctors who do not normally work in the hospital system has been called upon, in an attempt to prevent a collapse of staffing levels.
Some 20 percent of those hospitalised are under the age of 50. That refutes the claims of many politicians and media outlets that young people are unlikely to fall seriously ill after they contact the virus.
Four of the patients in Victorian hospitals are school-aged children. Their plight demonstrates the criminality of the Labor government’s resumption of face-to-face classroom teaching for older students last week. Within days, multiple schools have been forced to close after cases were identified.
Michelle Spence, a senior intensive care nurse at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation yesterday: “What we are seeing now is young people who are going to die. There is no doubt about it. And these are people who are 30s, 40s, 50s, who have no past history.”
The Herald Sun reported yesterday that some doctors are forecasting up to 700 weekly hospital admissions in Melbourne, if urgent action is not taken. Some were calling for the immediate imposition of harder “stage four” lockdown measures, to prevent a collapse of the hospital system.
Attempts to trace the disease have broken down. Most new cases announced each day are “under investigation,” so their source of origin is unknown. After a “testing blitz” last month, the Victorian government is again restricting access to tests. Individuals who have no symptoms, even if they have been in high-risk environments, can only be tested if they are contacted by the health authorities.
Infections in industry are surging. There are more than 40 cases at a Colac abattoir in regional Victoria, where there were no known cases at the beginning of the week.
Andrews has repeatedly accused ordinary people of failing to self-isolate after having been tested. In fact, most test recipients were not instructed to do so. Many, moreover, have been condemned to go to work, despite feeling unwell, because they are employed on a casual basis without sick leave.
There are now some 1,500 Australian army personnel in Victoria, patrolling streets and knocking on people’s doors, threatening residents with fines and detention for allegedly failing to self-isolate. Another 1,500 military personnel are deployed in other states, including manning roadblocks.
The mobilisation of the military is a warning of the repressive measures being prepared, amid mounting opposition to the disastrous official response to the pandemic and the pro-business offensive against the working class.

British universities plan tens of thousands of job cuts

Simon Whelan

The Higher Education (HE) sector is responding to the Johnson government’s disastrous handling of the Covid-19 pandemic by allowing temporary contracts to expire and freezing all recruitment. According to the Higher Education Statistics Agency, 33 percent of academic staff in the UK were on fixed-term contracts in 2017–18.
According to the University and College Union (UCU), 30,000 jobs in higher education are threatened overall. An indication of the impending jobs massacre is as follows:
  • 1,100 fixed-term contract staff are at risk at King’s College London.
  • The University of Reading’s vice-chancellor says 500 full-time jobs, or their part-time equivalent posts are at risk.
  • At the Royal College of Arts in London over 90 percent of staff are on temporary contracts, with 200 jobs at risk.
  • At the University of Liverpool 536 contracts are either due to expire or have already expired.
  • At the University of Sheffield 116 fixed-term contracts have expired and remaining fixed-term posts are being reviewed, “based on anticipated student numbers and our financial challenges.” The university denied it planned to sack 8,000 staff and rehire them on lower pay. They said, however, that as a last resort the mass sacking of university staff and their rehiring on different, i.e., inferior contacts, remained an option.
Amid this crisis the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) released a briefing paper that paints a picture of large financial losses in the HE sector, threatening the closure of major universities. “Universities are facing big losses across a range of income sources and investments,” said authors Elaine Drayton and Ben Waltmann, whose paper is titled, “Will universities need a bailout to survive the Covid-19 crisis?”
The IFS is opposed to any government intervention to save potentially insolvent universities. They argue that the poorest universities must be culled as an example to the others that survive, as “rescuing failing institutions may weaken incentives for others to manage their finances prudently in the future.”
The IFS estimates that HE sector losses in the long term may fall between £3 billion and £19 billion (between 7.5 percent and 50 percent of the sector’s overall annual income). It estimates long-term losses of £11 billion, more than a quarter of the universities’ annual income.
The HE sector is financially dependent on the enormous fees gouged from international students. The IFS estimate £2.8 billion losses from fewer international students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Those attracting most international students are the older Russell Group, who trade off their international ranking within the world’s top 100 universities.
The IFS assume that enrolments from the European Union (EU) will halve in 2020–21 “due to travel restrictions and disruption to administrative services … as well as health concerns.”
What the IFS describes as the “Lightly regulated Alternative Providers,” elsewhere known as the “Wild West” of the HE sector, educates around 3 percent of all HE students. Many of these providers are fly-by-night operations that rely exclusively on extortionate tuition fees. With a large share of international students enrolled at these establishments they are at a significant risk of insolvency, potentially leaving students unable to complete their degrees. These businesses employ large numbers of lecturers, office, and support staff.
The IFS argues that universities’ losses will not be stemmed “unless they make significant numbers of staff redundant.” It recommends that “cost savings could reduce the overall bill by only £600 million or around 6% without redundancies.”
HE in the UK is largely dependent upon a highly qualified pool of part-time lecturers to do the bulk of undergraduate teaching. The IFS advises that “institutions with a larger proportion of temporary staff will likely be able to make larger savings,” blithely acknowledging, “this may impact teaching quality.”
The IFS says that as many as 13 universities—not named—are most at risk of closure and could go bankrupt. These institutions educate around 130,000 students (5 percent of all students in the UK). They will not be viable in the long term insists the IFS, without government investment or debt restructuring. A targeted bailout aimed at keeping these institutions afloat could cost around £140 million.
Josh Hillman, director of education at the Nuffield Foundation, which funded the IFS research, calls for a change in the curriculum offered by some universities to alleviate financial pressures. Hillman argued for a recommendation from the Sugar Review of post-18 education in England “to introduce a lifelong learning loan allowance for tuition fees that would encourage enrolment in higher education courses below degree level.”
Six months ago, the IFS released a study calling for a reduction in HE student numbers. Their paper confirmed what many graduates already know—their degree does not lead to increased earnings. For many, it leads only to heavy debts and low wages. But this is not an argument for reducing student numbers and educational opportunities for potential students, but rather for a substantial increase in the wages many graduates earn.
The latest IFS study was released while the Conservative government is applying additional scrutiny to universities and outcomes for graduates, with some ministers looking to restrict the numbers taking so-called “low-value” courses.
Ben Waltmann, who co-authored their latest paper on university debt, noted that the IFS found the government benefited from extra tax revenue and national insurance contributions of between £110,000 per man and £30,000 per woman with a degree qualification above the costs of study to the government.
But, he argued, “That is mainly because high-earning graduates go on to pay an awful lot of tax. But this analysis also shows that the government makes an overall loss on financing the degrees of nearly half of all graduates. These losses are concentrated amongst those studying certain subjects. For creative arts, for example, the losses are substantial.”
The logic of this argument is that only a tiny elite—the sons and daughters of the bourgeoisie and upper-middle class—will be entitled to graduate and post-graduate qualifications, while other institutions that remain afloat will be forced to concentrate on short vocational courses.
The cuts being proposed are the outcome of several decades of the marketisation of further and higher education. This was pioneered by the 1997 Blair Labour government. In 2009, the head of the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, Peter Mandelson—Blair’s closest adviser—published a report titled “Higher Ambitions,” outlining a goal of “entrepreneurial universities” less reliant on central funding.
In 2017, the Tories’ Higher Education and Research Act established the framework for the wholesale marketisation and privatisation of the sector.
Faced with the loss of the livelihoods of tens of thousands of workers, Jo Grady, president of the University and College Union (UCU), only remarked on how the report highlighted the need for a government bailout of HE. “The government has to now step in and guarantee lost funding for universities so they can weather this crisis and lead our recovery on the other side,” she said.
Grady wrote to Prime Minister Boris Johnson to declare, “While the government appears to recognise the importance of further and higher education to our recovery, the very limited actions taken so far have been inadequate to the great challenges the sector faces and to the crucial task of maintaining the confidence of students and staff.”
“I would welcome the chance to discuss this with you further,” concluded Grady.
The opposition of the union bureaucracy to any fight to defend thousands of their members’ jobs, terms, and pay was summed up by the Unite union regional officer for the University of Sheffield, Harriet Eisner. She politely requested that university management become more business savvy. “We are appalled at the callous attitude that the University of Sheffield has displayed to its dedicated workforce. It is a wealthy institution with a lousy business model.”
In the face of this assault and the refusal of the unions to lift a finger in opposition, education workers must establish rank-and-file committees, independent of the unions, to unite workers and students based on the struggle for a new socialist political movement. Central to this fight is the defence of high-quality, publicly funded education as a universal right.

John Deere announces layoffs, salary buyouts for US workers

George Gallanis

At the end of June, Deere & Company, the farm and heavy equipment giant, announced a round of buyouts for salaried employees in the US. A week later, it sent notice it was laying off workers at two plants in Iowa: 82 at John Deere Davenport Works and 35 layoffs at its Deere Waterloo Foundry.
Last week, Deere revealed it had canceled its plans to lay off 82 workers at its Davenport Workers plant. The rest of the layoffs and buyouts will continue.
According to the Iowa Workforce Development, the Waterloo Foundry layoffs will go into effect August 3. The foundry currently has 409 active production employees and 99 salaried workers.
Deere Harvester Works in East Moline, Illinois
Salaried Deere workers have between July 1 and July 31 to accept the buyout or risk being furloughed. Deere carried out a similar buyout program, also known as a voluntary separation program, last November. The buyout program is intended to force out higher paid, older workers to be replaced by lower-paid and lower-skilled workers. Jen Hartmann, Deere’s director of public relations, said workers exempt from the buyout program are IT, manufacturer’s precision agriculture, data and analytics workers at Deere’s Moline, Illinois, corporate headquarters.
Deere has laid off hundreds of workers since last August, when the company announced it would slash costs to increase profits through “organizational efficiency,” which the WSWS warned meant new rounds of layoffs.
The new layoffs come amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a decline in Deere’s profits. Compared to last year, for its second quarter fiscal report, released in May, Deere saw a large drop in sales. Equipment sales fell 20 percent to $8.22 billion, farm equipment sales were down 18 percent to $5.97 billion and forestry equipment plummeted 25 percent to $2.26 billion. Overall, net income declined 41 percent to $666 million.
In a newsletter to stockholders, Deere said, “Responding to [customer] demand in the face of the pandemic has been a challenge as a result of various regulatory, economic, and other barriers that have affected production facilities and the supply chain.”
The pandemic, which the WSWS has described as a “trigger event,” is being seized on by corporations across the world to cut costs and boost profits. Deere is intent on making workers pay for the decline in sales.
Nothing, though, is being done by the United Auto Workers (UAW), which legally represents some 11,000 Deere workers, to stop the layoffs. Over the past decade, Deere has laid off thousands of workers with the full complicity of the UAW.
At the same time, the UAW has collaborated with Deere to keep its US plants open as the pandemic continues to sweep across the Midwest. Citing national security concerns by the Trump administration, Deere has kept all of its US plants running through various shutdown orders and restrictions.
In a joint letter published in May, Ray Curry, secretary-treasurer of the UAW, and Bradley D. Morris, vice president of global labor relations and continuous improvement at Deere, claimed that the “health and safety” of workers was their highest priority.
Meanwhile multiple Deere workers have fallen ill to the virus. In March, at least one worker tested positive at the Dubuque Works plant in Iowa, leading to a temporary shutdown lasting less than 24 hours. In April, a Waterloo Foundry worker tested positive, however the plant did not temporarily shut down. In May, a worker at the Grovetown, Georgia, tractor plant tested positive and the plant remained open.
It is likely that a high number of positive cases have gone unreported. A John Deere worker from Iowa told the WSWS, “At least 30 workers have tested positive at the Waterloo Foundry plant. There have been quite a few out on COVID-19 protocol, meaning they’ve tested positive and have to take ten days off. It’s quite a ridiculous situation. We’re being given a facemask to take home and wash every day. Meaning, we have to take this possibly contaminated mask home with us, which could infect family members. The company should be providing new face masks every day!”
Deere workers confront a life or death situation. As the pandemic worsens, the UAW will do nothing to protect them. The union has completely abandoned autoworkers, which has led to multiple deaths and thousands of sickened workers.
Forming rank-and-file safety committees, autoworkers are fighting back by taking the safety and livelihoods of their brothers and sisters into their own hands. In the statement “Build rank-and-file safety committees at every workplace to save lives!” written by the FCA Jefferson North, Sterling Heights and Toledo Jeep Rank-and-File Safety Committees, calling for the expansion of rank-and-file committees, they wrote:
We call on all workers—including autoworkers, educators, meatpacking workers, retail and service workers, logistics workers and airline workers—to build rank-and-file safety committees. Workers in essential jobs must have PPE, regular testing and safe conditions.
It is up to all workers to get on the same page and work together to fight this pandemic. The unions won’t do it. Governors like Gretchen Whitmer in Michigan won’t do it. They even want to reopen the schools, which would threaten the lives of millions of students and teachers. It is up to workers to defend ourselves.
With the pandemic taking more lives every day, action is urgent.
Deere workers should heed the call from their brothers and sisters in the auto industry and form rank-and-file safety committees at their workplaces.

Germany: Daimler doubles job cuts from 15,000 to 30,000—shareholders rejoice as stock price rises

K. Nesan

Manager Magazin reported on Wednesday that Daimler AG, with the full support of the IG Metall union, is drastically increasing the number of jobs being cut at the automaker. Instead of the previously announced 15,000, now 30,000 jobs are to be destroyed worldwide. The shareholders reacted enthusiastically. The news had only just broken when the Daimler share price skyrocketed.
Nobody should believe that the mass layoffs at Daimler have already reached the endpoint with this announcement. Daimler workers and millions of employees in companies associated with the automotive industry should regard these dismissals as the beginning of a broad campaign of unprecedented attacks.
Daimler corporate headquarters Mercedes-Benz plant Untertürkheim [Credit: World Socialist Web Site]
Since the founding of Benz & Cie. by Karl Benz in 1883, there has never been such a massive attack on the workers. The job cuts at Daimler, the flagship of the German automotive industry and the engine of the German economy, herald a wave of redundancies in other areas of the industry as well.
On the same day, IG Metall announced that there will be massive job cuts in many companies, according to its information. The union assumes that at least 300,000 jobs in the metal and electrical industries are in acute danger. At the same time, the union announced it would do nothing about this, except intensify its collaboration with the corporations and the government. Above all, it is pleading for an extension in short-time working to up to 24 months, “to relieve the companies.”
Manager Magazin has published a chart describing 10 production sites worldwide as “wobbly candidates” threatened with closure or cutbacks. The sites are located in Germany, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, Poland, France and Finland, and employ 43,400 workers.
A week ago, Daimler announced a loss of €1.68 billion for the second quarter of 2020. Analysts had expected an even higher loss. According to Daimler, market recovery has been stronger than expected. In June, there had been “strong growth,” it said. Nevertheless, Daimler boss Ola Källenius said, “But there is still a lot to do. ... We must continue our systematic efforts to further lower the company’s break-even point through cost reduction and capacity adjustments.”
The head of Daimler clearly stated that there would be further layoffs and cost-cutting programmes. Manager Magazin headlined its piece “Källenius is taking things seriously” and quoted a supervisory board member saying, “He’s going through with it now.” Daimler’s CFO Harald Wilhelm commented, “We cannot accept our cost structure in the long term.” Lowering Daimler’s cost base was a “task for the entire current decade,” he said.
What the WSWS wrote about the works council’s salami tactics at the beginning of last week has now been confirmed. Works council head Michael Brecht has announced the group’s real reduction plans only in slices. Otherwise, the works council and IG Metall would lose control of workers.
Two weeks ago, Daimler head of personnel Wilfried Porth outlined the company’s plans in a detailed interview with the Stuttgarter Zeitung, pointing out that Daimler would have to save far more than €1.4 billion. Therefore, far more employees than planned would have to be laid off. He said that management was conducting intensive negotiations with the IG Metall works council to work out a strategy.
The recent announcement of 30,000 redundancies is the result of these “intensive negotiations.” But even that is not the end of the story. Porth, for whom workers are only numbers in balance sheets and annual reports, has already announced there will be no “sacred cows.” Everything that the workers have fought for in the past—collective agreements on shift bonuses, holiday pay and Christmas bonuses—must be called into question, he said.
Daimler management and IG Metall know that they risk an uprising by the workers if the extent of the plans they have worked out behind the workers’ backs were revealed immediately and fully. That is why the works council is pretending to be clueless when announcing the bad news, claiming to have known nothing.
In reality, the leading works council members and trade union officials sit on the supervisory board and economic committee. Not only are they well informed, but they also present their own plans for job and social cuts, which were previously drawn up by the trade union Hans Böckler Foundation.
More and more workers recognise the hostile manoeuvres and machinations of IG Metall. The Stuttgarter Zeitung interviewed workers during the shift change on Monday after the interview with Porth was published. All those expressing their anger did not want to give their names, as a precaution against reprisals.
One worker, who had been employed in the steel melting shop for 30 years, expressed concern that many young workers would lose their jobs. The Stuttgarter Zeitung quoted him saying that this applied especially to those who were just starting out, since those who came last usually had to go first when jobs were cut.
Five days after the interview with Porth, the two leading works council members, Michael Brecht and Ergun Lümali, admitted in an e-mail to all workers that they were holding intensive talks with management, but did not disclose any details. The e-mail merely stated that “additional measures” were necessary to further stabilise Daimler’s financial situation.
As if they were managers themselves, they wrote, “Nobody doubts that the situation is serious. And of course, the current coronavirus crisis and the changes in the automotive industry are weighing on our economic situation. That is why we are in intensive talks with the management. ...”
Personnel Manager Porth made it unmistakably clear that layoffs were on the table. The goal could not be achieved exclusively voluntarily. Brecht, Lümali and IG Metall have no plans to counter this threat. Instead, their e-mail shows they are completely on the side of the board of directors and see their main task in reassuring the employees and keeping them quiet.
They try and put them off by pointing to the “company agreement on safeguarding the future,” which allegedly includes job security until 2030. In fact, the agreement stipulates that this will no longer be the case if economic conditions change.
The day before he sent the scandalous e-mail, Brecht had explained at a video press conference held at the Benz plant in Gaggenau what it was really about. He said, “Not only the works council but both sides” had to look for solutions in economic crises. “We have instruments to reduce personnel costs in a crisis,” but there “can never be a one hundred percent guarantee.”
The trade unions are loyal partners of the exploiters, not only in Germany but all over the world. Workers must be clear about the class character of the trade unions. They play a central role in preventing an independent mobilisation and united struggle to push through the workers’ demands.
The coronavirus crisis and the technical changes in the automobile industry are a welcome opportunity in the eyes of investors and shareholders to sack many thousands of workers, to destroy the social gains they achieved in the past, and to introduce slave-like conditions in the factories. Whatever the human cost of the crisis, the main priority is to increase profits. That is the real reason for ever-new cuts programmes and factory closures.
The unions defend the capitalist profit system and are closely linked to the nation state; they will always act against the interests of the workers. It is high time that Daimler workers opposed the conspiracy of the board of directors and the works council.
Cuts in wages and social benefits will not save any jobs, but only pave the way for further redundancies. All jobs, wages and social gains must be defended. When Brecht & Co. declare that this is not possible because it endangers the profits of the board of directors, millionaires and capital owners, it only means that the defence of jobs and wages requires a fight against capitalism.
The right to work and decent wages stands higher than the obscene enrichment of the major shareholders and their henchmen. The works councils must be forced to disclose all the details of their secret negotiations with management.
Car workers face the task of breaking with the unions and their bought-and-paid-for works council members, forming independent action committees, joining together internationally and fighting for a socialist programme. We call on all readers and especially Daimler workers to contact the WSWS to discuss these issues and to organise a common struggle to defend jobs.

Trump signs executive order on 2020 Census declaring undocumented immigrants are not persons

Meenakshi Jagadeesan

President Trump signed a memorandum Tuesday calling for the exclusion of undocumented immigrants from the population totals calculated in the ongoing decennial Census. The move is aimed at setting a legal precedent that undocumented immigrants are not “persons” from the standpoint of the Constitution and the US government.
The order directs Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross to provide in the Census results “information permitting the President, to the extent practicable” to leave out the number of undocumented immigrants living in the US from the apportionment count. The apportionment count is what determines the extent of federal funding as well as number of representatives allotted to the various states.
Nearly two years ago, Trump’s first attempt to weaponize the census in his war on immigrants, adding a question on immigration status to the census questionnaire, was struck down by the Supreme Court. That decision means that the Bureau of the Census does not possess any information on the identity or number of immigrants, and by law, apportionment must be based on an “enumeration” of the population, not on estimates.
What Ross is actually being instructed to do is not clear, and some press accounts suggest that Trump’s executive border is entirely symbolic, but even if that were true, the political significance would be immense. The administration is declaring itself in favor of overturning more than 200 years of constitutional and legal precedent, under which the Census is to count all “persons” resident in the country, regardless of their immigration status, and members of the House of Representatives represent districts drawn to include an equal number of “persons,” again without regard to whether they have legal documents.
The White House press secretary turned this reality upside down, defending Trump’s order as an action to protect democratic institutions. “Giving congressional representation and political influence to illegal aliens,” she said, “would be a perversion of our democratic principles… [It] could also create perverse incentives—such as potentially rewarding states that encourage violations of Federal immigration law—that would undermine our system of government.”
Since the first census in 1790, all people residing in the United States, citizens and non-citizens, have been included in the official population count. The Constitution makes it clear that “persons” residing in the states should be counted every 10 years to determine each state’s share of seats in the House of Representatives. This is reiterated by the 14th Amendment, which declared the legal equality of former slaves, ended the counting of slaves as 3/5ths of a person, and requires the counting of the “whole number of persons in each state.”
In that sense, Trump’s executive order is an attempt to roll back history in the most regressive way imaginable. Undocumented immigrants, as per this order, do not count as “persons” at all. The right-wing spokespersons of the ruling class have, even in the midst of the ongoing pandemic, made similar arguments. Senator Rand Paul, while pushing through the amendments to the CARES Act, declared on the Senate floor that undocumented immigrants could not claim federal aid because they were “not legitimate persons.” The denial of person-hood has been and continues to be an essential step in stripping away democratic and human rights.
In its convoluted attempt to defend the indefensible, the White House memo put forth even more specious claims, arguing that the term “person” in the constitution really means “inhabitant” and that the president has discretion to define what that means, declaring some people who inhabit the country are not really there at all.
The US census does not have any question regarding citizenship status, so the idea that it could be a tool to separate citizens from non-citizens, and even different categories of non-citizens, would appear to make no sense. However, Trump signed an executive order in July 2019 to enable the Census Bureau to use government records, including those supplied by state departments of motor vehicles and federal agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security, to produce anonymized citizenship data that could be used to redraw voting districts.
NPR reported this week that four states, Iowa, Nebraska, South Carolina and South Dakota, have already entered into agreements to share drivers license and state identification card information with the Trump administration. These moves, coupled with the latest order, will undoubtedly serve to terrify immigrant communities and drive down their participation in the census, with disastrous long-term consequences in terms of federal funding for much needed programs in already impoverished districts.
According to the US Constitution, the President does not have final authority over the census. Article 1, Section 2 of the founding document authorizes Congress to carry out “the actual enumeration” of the country’s population in “such manner as they shall by law direct.” In Title 2 of the U.S. Code, Congress detailed its instructions for the president to report to lawmakers the tally of the “whole number of persons” living in each state for the reapportionment of House seats. In Title 13, Congress established additional key dates for the “tabulation of total population.” Every aspect of the census process, other than the reporting at the end, is something determined by the legislature.
In trying to circumvent the Constitution on the issue of the census in this manner, Trump is not only pandering to his core supporters by playing the anti-immigrant card but also furthering an even more dangerous agenda of governing through executive decree.