5 Apr 2022

UK COVID infections rise massively after end of mitigation measures

Thomas Scripps


A conspiracy of silence between the Conservative government and the Labour Party is covering up an unprecedented spread of coronavirus in the UK.

Officially recorded infections have always significantly underestimated the prevalence of the virus. Now, however, the government’s “living with COVID” policy, including the scrapping of universal free testing, self-isolation, and sick pay support, has rendered the daily figures next to useless.

Clinical staff care for a patient with coronavirus in the intensive care unit at the Royal Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England, May 5, 2020 [Credit: Neil Hall Pool via AP]

A real picture is only available once a week when the Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes its coronavirus infection survey. The latest report shows 4.9 million people had infections in the week to March 26—up 600,000 on the week before and a record since the survey began in April 2020. According to the ZOE COVID Symptom Study run by King’s College London, whose funding is threatened, 333,000 people are catching the virus every day.

Infection rates are so high that workplace and school absences due to self-isolation are increasing, despite the Johnson government’s efforts to force people to stay on the job.

The most up-to-date data from the Department for Education reveals that 202,000 pupils were off school March 17 due to the virus, triple the number two weeks prior. Another 108,000 staff were absent, 9.1 percent, up from 5.8 percent two weeks earlier.

COVID absence rates range between 2-3 percent in the food and agriculture, transport and logistics, and manufacturing and constructions sectors; 2-4 percent in hospitalist, retail, health, education, and social care; and 3-4 percent in the civil service, IT, finance, and arts and recreation. A construction executive told the Financial Times the virus is “spreading like wildfire… people are working as they need the money and re-infecting each other”.

Absences in the National Health Service have risen by 86 percent in three weeks since the week ending March 6, according to the BMJ. They increased in acute care trusts by more than a fifth last week.

International travel is also affected, with scores of flights cancelled yesterday and today due to shortages of airport and airline workers. There were over 1,100 cancellations between March 28 and April 3, over five times the amount for that period in a normal year.

The surge in cases which began among children and younger adults is now passing into the older and more at-risk age groups. An estimated 6.6 percent of the over 70s were infected with the disease during the period of the most recent ONS survey (a record), up from 5 percent a week before. Among the 50-69 age group, the rate increased from 5.6 percent to 7.2 percent.

Vaccination has substantially reduced the rate of severe disease caused by COVID. But thanks to the ruling class’s pandemic policy, the wave of disease against which the wall of immunity in the population must hold has massively increased.

More than eight million people have yet to take up the offer of a third booster shot, thanks to the government and media effort to downplay the threat posed by Omicron. Immunity from vaccination wanes over time, especially in older people. A UK Health Security Agency study of more than 15,000 care home residents, published last month, found a sharp one-third reduction in protection against hospitalisation and death just three to seven months after vaccination.

The rollout of a fourth jab has only just begun and is limited to the over-75s, care home residents, and the immunocompromised.

Hospital admissions of patients with COVID are now outstripping the January Omicron peak, particularly among older age groups. Scotland last week had more COVID patients in its hospitals than at any other time in the pandemic. Increases in hospitalisations mean increases in deaths over the next several weeks.

The seven-day average of daily COVID deaths in the UK has already risen above 150. The disease was the third leading cause of death in England in February.

There is a rise among patients admitted primarily for COVID complications (roughly half of the total) as well as those admitted with COVID. Attempts to write off those patients not primarily being treated for coronavirus as irrelevant to discussion of the pandemic’s impact are a malicious fraud. A recent study published in the Lancet showing co-infection with flu and COVID increases the risk of death by 2.4 times highlights the serious dangers posed by an underlying infection.

University College London’s Clinical Operational Research Unit director Christina Pagel commented last week in the Guardian, “We are currently pushing existing vaccines to their limits with high infection levels, but we should instead be supporting them by reducing transmission.”

The idea that the UK had “somehow ‘finished’ our vaccination programme, and there is no point in waiting to return to normal” was the third of the “three big myths about Omicron”, she explained.

The first is that “coronavirus is now endemic”, when the UK and the rest of the world are still suffering huge, unpredictable waves of disease. Pagel adds, in any case, “endemicity certainly does not necessarily mean mild. There is a significant global burden of ill health and death, for instance, from endemic diseases such as TB and Malaria.”

The second myth is “that coronavirus is evolving to be milder, and each new variant will be milder than the last until it becomes a common cold”, when in fact, “most game changing new waves we’ve seen have come from variants that have evolved completely independently from each other…There has been no progression through successive variants, and no building towards ‘mildness’.”

The current surge in cases in the UK and elsewhere is being driven by the BA.2 strain of Omicron, with a much higher R rate than the original Omicron variant, making it roughly as infectious as measles. Yet more variants are already in circulation, including Deltacron, a combination of the two previous variants, and XE, a “recombinant” of the BA.1 and BA.2 strains. So far, more than 600 cases of XE have been identified in the UK and it is presenting a growth rate higher even than BA.2.

With such high levels of transmission, increases in the virulence or immune evasiveness of the virus would rapidly produce a catastrophe.

Speaking about the risks of new variants, University of Leeds virologist Dr Stephen Griffin told the Express, “We are behaving as though this has become some kind of endemic, seasonal virus—which it clearly has not… Just relying on vaccines on their own is wrong.”

In addition to 188,000 COVID deaths, government policies have produced a huge increase in debilitating long-term illness. Professor Danny Altmann, an immunologist at Imperial College London, told the Guardian COVID could “totally” lead to a generation affected by disability. Observer analysis of ONS data last month highlighted a 1.2 million rise in the number of people with a long-term health condition over the two years of the pandemic. The number had previously been increasing by 275,000 a year.

The Institute for Employment Studies’ Labour Market Statistics briefing for March explains, “There remain nearly 600 thousand fewer people in work… than before the pandemic began,” noting, “a worrying shift towards worklessness due to ill health”.

A survey of employers representing 4.3 million employees by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development found 26 percent list Long COVID as a main cause of long-term sickness absence. Queen Mary University of London researchers have found testing positive for COVID is associated with a five fold increase in someone’s chances of reporting long-term absence from work and a 39 percent increase in their likelihood of reporting inadequate income to meet basic needs.

Every faction of the ruling class is on board with enforcing this effective war on the working class. Not one politician speaks for the swathes of the population who have suffered more than two years of these conditions and are determined to see the pandemic ended.

According to the Hansard parliamentary record, Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer has not uttered the words “COVID”, “virus” or “pandemic” in the House of Commons since Prime Minister Boris Johnson declared the beginning of his “living with COVID strategy” on February 21. Except for one tangential reference in a short contribution focused on sick pay, the leader of the Labour “left” Jeremy Corbyn has not used these words in the chamber since October 21, 2021.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett puts Israel on a war footing against the Palestinians

Jean Shaoul


Naftali Bennett, Israel’s right-wing prime minister, has utilised a string of terror attacks that have killed 11 people over 10 days as a pretext to launch a vicious crackdown on the Palestinians. He has placed Israel’s security forces on high alert in an operation named Break the Wave tantamount to declaring war on the Palestinians.

Bennett’s actions have sparked widespread anger among the Palestinians in Israel and in the Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, illegally occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab-Israeli war.

IDF Paratroopers Operate Within Gaza [Credit: IDF, Wikimedia Commons]

On Wednesday evening, he issued a video statement saying, “Whoever has a gun licence, this is the time to carry it.” He added, “Israel is facing a wave of murderous Arab terrorism” as he convened a special review of the security situation.

Defence Minister Benny Gantz announced he would send 1,000 soldiers to reinforce police and security forces within Israel and deploy 14 battalions to the West Bank and Israel’s border with Gaza. Police have reportedly switched their attention to surveillance and counterterrorism in the expectation of further attacks. Gantz warned that “all means are legitimate to end this wave, and we will utilize any means that we think are proper to use,” including calling up thousands of reservist soldiers.

Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff Aviv Kohavi said the IDF must be prepared for “Guardian of the Walls 2,” a reference to last May when Israel launched a murderous 11-day assault on Gaza. This was Israel’s response to Palestinian protests in East Jerusalem over an expected decision of the Supreme Court, still to be announced, on the eviction of six Palestinian families in Sheikh Jarrah and the harassment of worshippers and storming of the al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam, during Ramadan.

The Wall Street Journal reported, “Israeli Communications Minister Yoaz Hendel said Israel may soon need to launch a wide-scale military operation similar to Operation Defensive Shield of 20 years ago, in which Israeli soldiers entered Palestinian towns to arrest or kill militants and seize their weapons,”

This was a reference to the murderous assault on Jenin area in April 2002 that killed at least 52 Palestinians, including many civilians.

Earlier this year there were gunfights between Israeli forces and the Palestinians in the Jenin area and its refugee camp, with the Palestinian Authority’s security units unwilling to enter the camp. The city has been a focus of mass opposition to President Mahmoud Abbas’s corrupt Fatah-dominated PA for its role as Israel’s subcontractor in its efforts to permanently subjugate the Palestinians in their own land.

In the last fortnight, there have been four attacks on Israeli Jews that have killed 11 people. Islamic State (IS), possibly linked to IS’s affiliate in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula, which has for some years witnessed IS attacks on Egyptian security forces, claimed responsibility for two of them—in Hadera and Beersheba. The shooting of two policeman in Hadera took place as US Secretary of State Antony Blinken was holding talks with Bennett and leaders from Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco—all signatories to the US-orchestrated Abraham Accords—and Egypt in the town of Sde Boker in the Negev desert. The talks centred on Washington’s relations with Iran and its proposal to remove Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) from its list of terror organisations.

Israeli troops stormed and searched a house in the West Bank city of Jenin belonging to the family of the man they believed was responsible for a separate attack in Bnei Brak, near Tel Aviv, that killed four Israelis. The soldiers vandalised the property and arrested some of his relatives and friends. When confronted with armed fighters and later civilians protesting the raid, the soldiers fired, killing two young Palestinians and injuring 15 who were throwing stones at the soldiers.

Israeli soldiers also killed three members of the military wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, which had claimed responsibility for one of the attacks in Israel, during an ambush at a checkpoint near Jenin city, bringing the total number of Palestinians killed to eight.

Within Israel, the security forces have arrested dozens of suspects in the predominantly Palestinian towns in the central regions of the country and the Negev, with the number expected to grow as they target people suspected of links to IS and other Jihadist groups. They are expected to initiate a crackdown on the Palestinians, in the name of combating crime and the high incidence of gang murders and armed robbery that have swept the poverty-stricken towns, with the government on Thursday announcing a $60 million increase in the police budget.

The uptick in violence comes in the run up to Ramadan, set to run between April 2 and May 1 and which this year coincides with Easter and the Jewish Passover. Israeli authorities have reportedly agreed to allow armed settlers, led by Knesset member Itamar Ben-Gvir, to enter the al-Aqsa Mosque compound en masse under police-protection during Passover.

There have been reports of dozens of incidents of damage to Palestinian property in Israel by right-wing extremists.

On Sunday, Israeli police used mounted forces, rubber-coated steel bullets, stun grenades and batons to disperse crowds that traditionally gather outside the Damascus Gate in East Jerusalem after Ramadan evening prayers, injuring at least 19 Palestinians, and arresting ten during a second night of clashes. It follows the arrest of four Palestinians in the Old City the previous night.

The police crackdown came shortly after Foreign Minister Yair Lapid made a provocative visit to the Damascus Gate and the Old City to show support for the police.

Israel’s Palestinian political parties and groups, including the Ra’am party which is a member of Bennett’s fragile, eight-party coalition government, condemned the IS attacks of March 22 and 27. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas also issued a condemnation of the Bnei Brak attack, presumably a nod towards his meeting with Blinken last week. On Wednesday, King Abdullah of Jordan also condemned “violence in all its forms” as he hosted Israel’s President Isaac Herzog in Amman.

In Gaza, Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated group that controls the besieged Palestinian enclave, held its traditional Land Day event marking the loss of Palestinian lands along the seafront, away from the Israeli border in order to prevent any escalation in violence.

The UN humanitarian agency (OCHA) reported that in 2022 up to March 21, 18 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces, and 222 Palestinians injured, in Gaza and the West Bank.

None of this will cut across Israel’s plans for widespread repression.

No less a factor in Bennett’s de facto declaration of war on the Palestinians is his determination to divert attention away from Israel’s economic and social crisis, as the cost of living, already one of the highest in the advanced countries, makes it hard for Israelis and Palestinians alike to put food on the table.

Last month, the national tax revenue report revealed that people in the bottom decile pay 47 percent of their income in taxes, while those in the top decile pay 40 percent. Half of Israeli workers do not earn enough to reach the minimum income tax threshold, leading workers to demand wage increases in strikes that the trade unions have done everything they can to sabotage.

This explosive situation is set to deteriorate further as sanctions imposed by the US and major European powers on Russia have hit Israel hard. Much of Israel’s food and energy comes from Russia and Ukraine. With their own agricultural exports to Russia now unsold, Israeli farmers are preparing to destroy their produce.

Mass shooting in Sacramento, California, leaves 6 dead and 12 injured

Sebastian Greene & Gabriel Black


Six people are reported dead and 12 injured after a mass shooting in downtown Sacramento, California, early Sunday morning.

Police responded to the sound of automatic gunfire at 2:00 a.m. at a popular cluster of nightclubs near 10th and K streets, not far from the State Capitol building. Six victims—three male and three female—were pronounced dead at the scene.

Authorities search area of the scene of a mass shooting with multiple deaths in Sacramento, Calif. Sunday, April 3, 2022. (AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli)

Multiple videos have been posted to social media showing the incident. In one video, a crowd of partygoers was fist-fighting on the street outside a club, when in the distance gunshots began to be fired and the crowd began running. One eyewitness told the Sacramento Bee that he heard one gunman fire and then another gunman return fire.

In another video, at least 76 gunshots are heard in just 54 seconds as a crowd of people ran from the scene. Over 100 bullet casings were found on the scene, and several buildings and cars were hit.

On Monday, police arrested a 26-year-old man in connection with the incident.

Sacramento Police Chief Kathy Lester told local news KCRA 3 after the arrest, “[T]his is a complex investigation, and we’re looking for multiple suspects.”

Sacramento County District Attorney Ann Schubert also stated Monday, “The investigation is highly complex involving many witnesses, videos of numerous types and significant physical evidence.”

According to a report in Forbes, the victims’ bodies were still lying on the ground Sunday well into the afternoon, almost 12 hours later. Police claimed this was necessary to understand what had happened.

This latest horrific mass shooting comes amidst a wave of violent incidents in the United States. Just this past weekend between April 1 to April 3, the following took place:

  • Three people were killed and two injured in multiple shootings on Sunday in Baltimore, Maryland.
  • Two people are dead and one injured in two separate shootings in Arkansas Sunday night.
  • Two people are dead and three people injured in four separate shootings in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  • Eighteen people were shot in Chicago over the weekend in multiple incidents. One of those people shot was killed by police officers during an alleged hostage situation near a mall on the city’s Southside.
  • One person was killed and five injured in four different shootings in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • Four people were shot in two separate but related shootings in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Just this year alone, according to the Gun Violence Archive, there have been 117 mass shooting incidents in the United States. Mass shooting incidents are defined as incidents with at least four gun injuries or deaths.

The Gun Violence Archive reported that through April 4, this year has seen nearly 11,000 gun deaths, 6,204 which were suicides, 4,745 homicides, murders or other shootings, including accidents. Among children under 11, 79 have been killed by gunfire, while for those between 12-17 the figure stands at 323. Year after year, the United States resembles a killing field with an average of 47,858 annual deaths by gun violence since 2014, including approximately 1,000 people shot and killed by the police.

The shooting in Sacramento was the second instance of mass gun violence to occur in the area this year after a father fatally shot his three daughters, their chaperone, and himself during a supervised visit at a church in February. In May of last year, the nearby San Francisco Bay Area saw its bloodiest mass shooting in history when a Transportation Authority employee opened fire on co-workers at a light rail maintenance yard, killing nine, before committing suicide.

The wave of gun violence in the US is, fundamentally, an expression of a deep social crisis. Across the United States, and most of the world, social tensions are at a breaking point.

Decades of declining income share to working people, the evisceration of stable well-paying jobs and ongoing cuts to social infrastructure have all contributed to a climate of desperation. On top of this the COVID-19 pandemic has killed over 1 million people and sickened millions more. The American ruling elite, in allowing so many to die, has made clear that it places no value on the lives of workers, the elderly and the immunocompromised.

Meanwhile the cost of living is surging at rates not seen in four decades, with the US Commerce department estimating costs will be $5,200 more for the average family this year compared to last. This has placed immense pressure on the millions who live paycheck to paycheck and cannot afford even a $400 emergency. The US-NATO drive to war against Russia threatens to drive prices even higher.

Violent acts, whether a wanton killing or a crime over money or revenge, are some of the sharpest and most disoriented expressions of this general social tension. They are similar, in ways, to so-called “deaths of despair,” drug overdoses and suicides, in that they reflect the immense instability and difficulty faced by broad masses of the population. In 2020, 93,000 people died of drug overdoses in the United States and about 46,000 by suicide. About 5 to 7 percent of overdose deaths are believed to be intentional.

The incident Sunday comes as the Biden administration announced a policy of “fiscal responsibility” last Monday for the 2023 budget proposal, which features the largest ever US military spending at more than $813 billion and a substantial increase for domestic police repression while slashing social spending critical for the mental and physical health of the American working class. The Biden administration is using the war in Ukraine as an excuse to continue the decades-long assault on social programs and is cutting off funding to cover COVID-19 testing and vaccination for the uninsured.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, California) released a statement Sunday responding to the Sacramento shooting declaring, “Too many families and communities across the nation have been shattered by the epidemic of gun violence plaguing our nation, which steals more than 100 beautiful souls each day.” She added that the “House Democrats have passed the Bipartisan Background Checks Act and the Enhanced Background Checks Act: common sense and urgent action that will help end the bloodshed.”

The Democrats often campaign on gun control but never stop for a second to present a deeper analysis of what are the root causes of these persistent and seemingly chronic occurrences of mass shootings in America precisely because doing so would require adopting a critical attitude towards capitalism, which Biden, Pelosi and all the corporate politicians defend. Empty verbiage following each new shooting and increases in police budgets are the only significant actions taken by these figures.

The Democrats and Republicans have overseen 30 years’ worth of mass shootings while seeking to offset the decline of America’s economic dominance by deploying the military to kill millions and destroy entire societies in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. This naked resort to violence and its presentation as an effective solution to the problems one faces has had its own nefarious effect at home.

Meanwhile, an understanding of gun violence must take into account the mental health crisis in the United States, of which mass shootings are often a symptom. The pandemic and the dislocation the homicidal response of capitalist governments has caused for billions of people around the globe has significantly intensified this health crisis.

In Sacramento, before being called off in a last-minute deal late Sunday night, nearly 5,000 teachers and school workers were on strike in the Sacramento City Unified School District over COVID-19 safety concerns, severe understaffing issues, low pay, and cuts to health care benefits. The teachers joined a growing strike wave which included Chevron refinery workers in Richmond, California, and other struggles across the country and world by workers who are demanding an increase in their living standards which have been eroded by inflation.

4 Apr 2022

HEINEKEN Africa Foundation Grants 2022

Application Deadline: 15th April 2022

To Be Taken At (Country): Underpinning HEINEKEN’s long-standing commitment to Africa, projects are only carried out in the Sub-Saharan African countries in which HEINEKEN is operating.

About the HEINEKEN Africa Foundation Grants: For each project a partnership is created between the HEINEKEN Africa Foundation, the local HEINEKEN brewery and a local or international (N)GO. The Foundation provides funding and administrative assistance. The local brewery supports through means of manpower, expertise and monitoring. The (N)GO is responsible for the implementation and continuation of the project.

Type: Grants

Eligibility: An eligible HEINEKEN Africa Foundation Grants project proposal:

  • focusses on Mother & Child care or WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene)
  • directly improves the health situation for needy communities living in the environment of a HEINEKEN Sub-Saharan African organization. See where where HEINEKEN operates in the Program Webpage.
  • cooperates with global and/or local partners (NGOs/GOs/overseas development ministries/international organizations)
  • has measurable positive results
  • has a sustainable follow-up or clear conclusion
  • is approved and motivated by the General Manager of the related HEINEKEN operation
  • is submitted to the HAF General Manager by the local HEINEKEN operating company
  • does not exceed the maximum requested amount of EUR 75,000 per year (with a 3-year maximum)

The HEINEKEN Africa Foundation excludes projects that:

  • may lead to a direct commercial benefit for the local HEINEKEN operation
  • replace health benefits currently provided to HEINEKEN employees and their family members
  • focus on adolescents (in the age of primary and secondary school)
  • are research projects, scholarships and medical or health-related events and conferences

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: Maximum requested amount of EUR 75,000 per year (with a 3-year maximum).

How to Apply for HEINEKEN Africa Foundation Grants: 

  • Project proposals can only be submitted by the local HEINEKEN operating companies in close collaboration with a (N)GO. By making use of HEINEKEN’s local infrastructure and network we believe that we can make a bigger impact.
  • Does your project comply with these criteria? Please contact the local HEINEKEN operating company to further discuss your project proposal.

Visit the Program Webpage for Details

Ukraine and the Global Economic War: Is This Barbarism or Civilization?

Prabir Purkayastha


Do the Ukraine war and the action of the United States, the EU and the UK spell the end of the dollar as the world’s reserve currency? Even with the peace talks recently held in Turkey or the proposed 15-point peace plan, as the Financial Times had reported earlier, the fallout for the dollar still remains. For the first time, Russia, a major nuclear power and economy, was treated as a vassal state, with the United States, the EU and the UK seizing its $300 billion foreign exchange reserves. Where does this leave other countries, who also hold their foreign exchange reserves largely in dollars or euros?

The threat to the dollar hegemony is only one part of the fallout. The complex supply chains, built on the premise of a stable trading regime of the World Trade Organization principles, are also threatening to unravel. The United States is discovering that Russia is not simply a petrostate as they thought but that it also supplies many of the critical materials that the U.S. needs for several industries as well as its military. This is apart from the fact that Russia is also a major supplier of wheat and fertilizers.

Seizing Russia’s funds means that the faith in the United States as the world’s banker and in the dollar as the global reserve currency is in question. Why should countries maintain any trade surplus and bank it abroad if that surplus can be seized at will through sanctions imposed by the West? The promise of a dollar as the world’s reserve currency was that all surpluses in dollars were safe. With the seizure of the Afghan central bank’s $9.5 billion, and allocating $7 billion out of it, the United States has shown that it considers the dollar reserves of another country, held by the United States’ central bank, as its money. It may be an economic asset in the books for a country to maintain its currency reserves with the U.S. central bank. But it is effectively a political liability, as the U.S. government can seize this asset at will. The United States has earlier shown its capability of imposing sanctions against countries such as IraqLibya and Venezuela and seizing their assets that resulted in far-reaching negative impacts for these countries. The seizure of Russia’s foreign exchange reserves by a handful of Western countriesex-colonial and settler-colonial states—shows that the so-called rules-based order is now based on weaponizing the dollar and the West’s control over the global financial system.

Economists—Prabhat Patnaik and Michael Hudson—and financial experts such as Zoltan Pozsar of Credit Suisse are now predicting a new regime in which another currency or some other variant system will emerge as the world’s new reserve currency. According to Pozsar, “When this crisis (and war) is over, the U.S. dollar should be much weaker and, on the flipside, the renminbi much stronger, backed by a basket of commodities.”

What has led to these predictions? After World War II, the Bretton Woods agreement led to the dollar becoming the world’s reserve currency. It replaced the British pound and was pegged to gold at a conversion value of $35 to an ounce of gold. In 1971, then-President Richard Nixon ended the Bretton Woods system and removed the “convertibility of U.S. dollars to gold,” which meant that the dollar was now backed only by the U.S. government (or U.S. Treasury) guarantees. The dollar as reserve currency had three things going for it in the postwar years: It was backed by the United States, which was the world’s largest industrial producer; the United States was the preeminent military power even if challenged by the Soviet Union; and it was backed by West Asian oil, the largest traded commodity, being priced in dollars.

The denomination of West Asian oil, particularly of Saudi Arabia, was critical to the United States and was determined by its military power. The coup in Iran against then-Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1953, the 1958 coup in Iraq, and many other political events in West Asia can be understood more easily if the world understands the importance of oil for the United States. This was the basis of the Carter Doctrine, extending the Monroe Doctrine equivalent to the Persian Gulf region—and reflected the United States’ interest in the region and its lack of tolerance for interference by any outside power there. U.S. foreign policy in West Asia has been captured on bumper stickers and antiwar protest signs for decades with variations on the phrase, “Our oil is under their sand.” The United States’ control over West Asian oil combined with its industrial and military power ensured that the dollar remained as the world’s reserve currency.

The fall of the United States as the world’s industrial power has gone hand in hand with the rise of China. A measure of China’s industrial rise can be seen from a simple comparison provided by the Lowy Institute using International Monetary Fund data on global trade. In 2001, more than 80 percent of countries had the United States as their major trading partner as compared to China. By 2018, that figure had dropped to a little more than 30 percent128 out of 190 countries “[traded] more with China than the United States.” This dramatic change has happened in fewer than 20 years. The reason for this change is industrial production: China overtook the United States in 2010 to become the largest industrial producer in the world. (India is the fifth-largest industrial producer but manufactures only 3.1 percent of the world output as against 28.7 percent of the manufacturing output produced by China and 16.8 percent produced by the United States toward the world’s industrial production.) It is not surprising that world trading patterns follow industrial production.

Two recent events are important in this context. China and the Eurasian Economic Union consisting of Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Armenia seem to be moving toward a new international and monetary system. India and Russia also seem to be working out a rupee-ruble exchange based on India’s need to import Russian arms, fertilizer and oil. India had already created a similar system earlier for buying Iranian oil in rupees. This might also give a fillip to increasing India’s exports to Russia. Saudi Arabia has recently indicated that it might also designate its oil sales to China in yuan and not dollars. If this happens, this would be the first time since 1974 that Saudi Arabia would sell any oil in a currency other than the dollar. This would give an immediate fillip to the yuan, as more than 25 percent of all of Saudi Arabia’s oil is sold to China.

The United States dominates the services, intellectual property (IP) and information technology (IT) markets. But the markets for physical goods, unlike for services such as IP and IT, are based on a complex model of supplies and, therefore, have complex global supply chains. If the Western economic war means taking out Russia’s supplies from the global market, many supply chains are in danger of unraveling. I have already written about the energy war and how the European Union depends on gas piped from Russia to Europe. But many other commodities are critical for those sanctioning Russia and those who may now find it difficult to trade with Russia due to the West’s sanctions.

Strangely enough, one of the key elements in the supply chain for manufacturing chips depends on Russia. Russia is a major supplier of sapphire substrates (using artificial sapphires) that go into the manufacturing of semiconductor chips. The other critical item for chip makers is neon, of which the two major suppliers are located in the southern Ukraine cities of Mariupol and Odessa. They together produce “between 45 percent and 54 percent” of the global neon supply.

I have already highlighted earlier the danger posed to the EU’s climate change plans as a result of the Ukraine-Russia conflict, which could also jeopardize its plan to shift to gas as a bridge fuel. Using batteries as the key storage element in the renewable energy route also has a substantial Russian weakness. Nickel is critical for electric batteries, and Russia is the third-largest supplier of nickel in the world. With the United States and the EU imposing sanctions on Russia, this may lead to China, already emerging as the world’s largest battery supplier, rising to an even more dominant position in the world battery market.

The other supply chain issues that could come up as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war involve palladium, platinum, titanium and rare earth elements. All of these minerals are required by advanced industries and are likely to be caught up in supply chain bottlenecks worldwide. They are also on the list of 50 strategic minerals that the United States needs since they are critical to its security. A look back at how the global supply chains seized up during COVID-19 should provide the world with a sense of what the coming crisis could look like and why it could be a lot worse than what was witnessed during the pandemic. Sanctions are easy to impose, much harder to lift. And even after the lifting of sanctions, the supply chain will not come together seamlessly as it did before. Remember, these global supply chains have been incrementally configured over decades. Undoing them using the wrecking ball of sanctions is easy; redoing them is a lot harder.

The food supplies to the world will be hit even harder. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus produce a significant amount of fertilizers needed by farmers everywhere. Russia and Ukraine are among the biggest exporters of wheat. If Russian wheat is sanctioned and Ukraine’s harvest is hit due to war, the world will not find it easy to thwart a severe food shortage.

There is no question that the world is on the cusp of a major economic change. This turning point will either lead to the complete destruction of the Russian economy, even if Russia achieves a quick peace with Ukraine and there is no NATO-Russia war. Or it will reconfigure a new economic order that has been in the offing: a world order with cooperative solutions instead of military and economic wars for resolution.

Chilean court sentences military personnel for burning alive student protesters in 1986

Mauricio Saavedra


Fully 36 years after their horrific crime, a Chilean Court sentenced 10 retired members of the Army for dousing in petrol and setting alight 19-year-old photographer Rodrigo Rojas and 18-year-old student Carmen Gloria Quintana, and leaving them to die.

Rodrigo Rojas de Negri (Museo de la Memoria y Derechos Humanos)

The “Caso Quemados” (case of the burnt ones) occurred on July 2, 1986 in the working class commune of Estación Central in Santiago amidst ongoing demonstrations against depression-level unemployment, mass poverty and bloody repression brutality meted out by the military dictatorship of Gen. Augusto Pinochet.

After burning alive Rojas and Quintana, the military patrol headed by Captain Pedro Fernández Dittus dumped the charred bodies in an irrigation ditch on the outskirts of Santiago, hoping the youths would die from the injuries. Rodrigo Rojas suffered second and third degree burns to the head, neck, trunk and extremities, involving approximately 65 percent of his body surface, dying from his injuries four days later; Carmen Gloria suffered burns to 62 percent of her body surface and had to undergo 50 operations over the course of months.

A cover-up was then organized lasting almost three decades. It included witnesses being kidnapped, and threatened with being “disappeared,” while human rights lawyers and courageous justices were threatened with abduction and worse.

The case was reopened in 2013 by roving judge Mario Carroza, assigned to investigate human rights cases. Fresh evidence was brought to light in 2015 when a former conscript after 29 years broke a military pact of silence, allowing Judge Carroza to sentence the patrol in 2019.

Funeral for Rodrigo Rojas de Negri (Credit: Paulo Slachevsky)

Last March 21, the fourth chamber of the Court of Appeals increased the sentences against retired officers Julio Castañer, Iván Figueroa and Nelson Medina from 10 to 20 years prison for the aggravated homicide of Rodrigo Rojas and the frustrated homicide of Carmen Quintana.

The justices increased the sentences against Leonardo Riquelme, Walter Lara, Juan González and Pedro Franco from three years to 10 years in prison for their role as accomplices and sentenced to three years Francisco Vásquez and René Muñoz for their role as accessories.

Significantly, the justices also rejected the legal exception of res judicata (the case had already been adjudicated) applied to Fernández Dittus and sentenced him to 20 years imprisonment as “the author of the crimes of consummated homicide of Rodrigo Rojas de Negri and frustrated homicide of Carmen Gloria Quintana Arancibia.”

The emblematic case was originally sealed in 1994—three years into civilian rule—after the Supreme Court upheld a 1986 Military Court ruling that convicted Captain Fernández Dittus as the sole person responsible for unnecessary violence resulting in death and negligence for not rendering aid to the victims. He was sentenced to a mere 600 days in prison and served less than a year of that sentence.

In their 59-page ruling, the Appeals Court judges explained that res judicata did not apply in this instance because the “initial investigation was spurious or illegitimate because of the way it was conducted; that is, without a real intention to clarify the facts and responsibilities in accordance with the historical truth… a character that is reflected in a series of circumstances that are noticeable from the first moments of the process.”

The ruling continues:

This is corroborated by the fact that (the investigation) was evidently closed without being truly exhausted, proof of which is that in the current trial the investigation carried out has made it possible, despite the greater time that has elapsed, to have clarity as to how the events really occurred, i.e., not as a consequence of a kick to a Molotov bomb by Mrs. Carmen Gloria Quintana, which would have initially left both victims with slight injuries, but because the accused were soaked in fuel by State agents, then ignited, extinguished and finally abandoned to their fate with injuries so serious that they ended up costing the life of one of them; all in the context of systematic human rights violations.

The judges explained that the original investigation disregarded official external reports implicating the Army and gave “total credibility… to the testimonies of the soldiers several of whom affirmed in the present investigation to have lied on instructions from their hierarchical superiors.”

Carmen Gloria Quintana in 1987 (Wikimedia Commons)

Defense lawyer Héctor Salazar, who has been involved in the case since 1986, said that “justice is belated, but at least it is a step forward.”

“The whole journey has been very painful,” Veronica de Negri, Rodrigo’s mother, told the news site La Voz de los Que Sobran in an interview that aired on March 23. “The most painful thing is that these criminals are still in their homes as long as there is no ruling from the Supreme Court.”

De Negri made the important observation that her struggle “is not only about Rodrigo and Carmen, it is about all the victims of the dictatorship, of the Concertación, of Piñera. Human rights were not only violated under the military dictatorship.”

In the two and a half years since the massive anti-capitalist 2019 demonstrations rocked the country, more than 8,000 mainly young people suffered some form of state violence, including sexual abuse and torture. Over 500 suffered eye injuries, and over 50 died at the hands of Carabineros and the Armed Forces.

Her opposition to state terrorism was also a salvo against the new pseudo-left administration of President Gabriel Boric who has unleashed anti-riot police and Carabinero Special Forces against student demonstrations protesting paltry subsidies. Revealing sooner rather than later that his government will continue the brutal practices of his predecessor, in the last three weeks one student was shot with live ammunition by riot police, one student was severely beaten by lumpen informant types and remains in critical condition and a special forces vehicle ran over a female protester.

Canadian imperialism using US-NATO war drive against Russia to expand military operations in the Arctic

Matthew Richter


The Western powers’ success in goading Putin to launch a reactionary war in Ukraine has intensified economic and geopolitical rivalries around the globe, including in the far north. The major powers view the Arctic, with its vast natural resources and trade routes opening up due to climate change, as a key battleground.

Canada has a direct rivalry with Russia in the region over competing territorial claims behind which lie key economic and geostrategic interests for both countries. It therefore comes as no surprise that Canadian imperialism, which is playing an extremely provocative role in pushing for a US-NATO attack on Russia that would trigger a third world war, is seizing on the conflict to expand its military presence in the Arctic.

Canadian Army reservists conduct large-scale exercise at Fort Pickett (Credit: Virginia Guard Public Affairs)

Minister of National Defence Anita Anand is planning a trip to the Canadian Arctic to reinforce Ottawa’s sovereignty and security claims in the region. In mid-March, her office informed the premiers of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon that she will tour the territories to highlight the diplomatic and military issues in the region.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which was provoked by the US-NATO imperialist powers’ eastward march after the Stalinist dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, has provided the Canadian bourgeoisie with the perfect opportunity to proceed with long-planned military spending hikes. Anand made this clear in her speech at the 90th Ottawa Conference on Security and Defence on March 11. The conference was attended by high ranking Canadian military and NATO figures such as the Chief of Defence Staff General Wayne Eyre.

Anand stated, “The work is happening now to ensure that we are prepared for any eventuality, including in terms of Arctic sovereignty.” Eyre bluntly remarked that NATO’s northern flank “is a key area of concern” for the Canadian military. Since the conference, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg has reiterated the call for all NATO members to spend a minimum of 2 percent of their GDP on defence. Canada currently spends 1.39 percent on defence-related spending, up from 1.01 percent in 2014. The Trudeau government pledged in 2017 to increase military spending by over 70 percent within a decade.

But this is only a down payment for the war-mongering Canadian ruling class. Last August, the Trudeau government signed an agreement with the Biden administration to modernize the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), a Cold War-era binational continental defence structure established between Washington and Ottawa. A key goal of modernization for many senior military and foreign policy officials is to bring Canada into Washington’s ballistic missile defence shield, which seeks to make a war fought with nuclear weapons “winnable.”

Anand told the conference that Canada intends to announce a spending plan for the modernization of NORAD soon. The cost of modernizing NORAD’s radar systems, which were last updated in the 1980s, is estimated to be more than $11 billion. This equates to almost half of Canada’s current annual defence budget. It is likely that the final cost will be much greater, as much of the technology is still in development. The proposed updates will include “over-the-horizon” and advanced maritime capabilities, which will be able to launch “first-strike” attacks on missile launching sites.

Several Arctic military exercises—all of which were scheduled long before the war in Ukraine—are either currently underway or have recently been concluded. Operation Noble Defender was announced by NORAD in a press release dated February 15, 2022. The operation ran from March 14 to 17 and involved hundreds of personnel from Canada and the US, dozens of Canadian CF-18 and American F-22 fighters, refueling and other support aircraft. Ron Hubert, an associate professor of political science at the University of Calgary, told the CBC that the fact that “NORAD is going out of its way to make sure that you have an awareness of it, that that is being shared is obviously part of the signaling that we are giving to the Russians right now.”

Another recent show of military force in the northern polar region was Arctic Edge. The US Northern Command announced the biennial exercise on February 8. Running from February 28 to March 17, the exercises included more than 1,000 US and Canadian personnel training for warfare in the Arctic.

The annual Canadian military Arctic exercise, Operation Nanook, is slated to take place this August in Cambridge Bay and Pond Inlet on the northern coast of Baffin Island. First undertaken in 2007 at the behest of the bellicose former right-wing Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper (who personally attended annually until the end of his term in office), the exercises are ultimately intended to project force in the Canadian Arctic to bolster Canada’s sovereignty claims and take aim at Russia. While soldiers from Denmark and the US have participated over the past decade, they have not done so as members of NATO.

While Canada enjoys a close military-strategic partnership with US imperialism stretching back over eight decades, there is a longstanding dispute between the two countries over the border in the Beaufort Sea. Ottawa and Washington also disagree over the status of the Northwest Passage sea route through the Arctic Ocean. Canada claims that it is part of its internal waters, while the US, in its interpretation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)—which it has never ratified, claims that the passage is international.

The American contention for international waters would give its ships customs-free transit through the Arctic, something that would be economically beneficial for its commercial ships, and militarily advantageous for projecting force against Russia in the region and resupplying its northernmost airbase at Thule, Greenland. The Canadian government wants to control access to the straits and collect any dues to affirm their sovereignty claims over the region.

The Northwest Passage was ice-free for the first time in recorded history in 2007, opening a long inaccessible route to international trade that is also much shorter than current intercontinental shipping lanes. Twenty million tons of cargo passed through the straits in 2018, double the amount from the previous year. A recent study published in the journal Nature Climate Change suggests summers in the Arctic Ocean could be entirely ice-free by 2035 . Manmade climate change is rapidly shrinking the area covered by arctic sea ice—about 2.8 percent per decade since NASA’s National Snow and Ice Data Center began keeping records in 1979. Sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean is down by about 40 percent since then. This dramatic loss of sea ice will have a domino effect on the acceleration of climate change.

The Canadian Arctic comprises 40 percent of the country’s total land mass. It is home to vast stores of untapped mineral and energy wealth. It is estimated that 13 percent of the world’s undiscovered oil reserves lie under the Arctic seabed. Major mining operations by publicly traded companies such as Agnico-Eagle operate in the territories, extracting precious metals such as gold, silver, copper and zinc.

The Mary River open pit iron ore mine, owned by Baffinland Iron Mines at the northernmost tip of Baffin Island in Nunavut, is another example of a strategic resource in the region. Canada was the 8th largest producer of the metal in 2020, ahead of the United States, which was ranked 9th, but falling behind China, 3rd and Russia, 5th.

The mine was the site of Inuit protests in February 2021 because of the impact it has had on the environment and hunting, one of their chief means of securing an existence in what is still largely an undeveloped region. Residents of this remote region are generally impoverished and struggle to afford food, which costs on average three times as much as in the southern parts of Canada.

Concerns surrounding the sale of Hope Bay gold mine in Nunavut last year shows the lengths to which the Canadian government will go to protect what it considers to be its “national security interests” in the Arctic. The mine, which lies on the Victoria Strait in Nunavut, was bought by Agnico-Eagle in January 2021. The Canadian government blocked its sale to the Chinese state-owned Shandong Gold Mining Co. Ltd on “national security grounds” the previous month.

Over recent years, China has shown an interest in both the Northern Sea Route, which runs along the Russian Arctic coast, and the Northwest Passage, a fact that no doubt underlies Canada’s jealous guarding of its privileges in the region. As Jody Thomas, Trudeau’s national security adviser, put it in comments to the Ottawa Conference on Defence and Security in March 2021, “We should not underestimate at all that threat of resource exploitation in the Arctic by China in particular. China has a voracious appetite and will stop at nothing to feed itself, and the Arctic is one of the last domains and regions left and we have to understand it and exploit it more quickly than they can exploit it.”

Canada’s sovereignty claims to the Arctic Archipelago were first made under the so-called “Sector Principle,” first raised in the Canadian Senate by Senator Pascal Poirier in 1907. The basic premise of the claim was that since most of the islands had been discovered by British explorers, all of the islands to the North of Canada between 141 and 60 meridians of west longitude up to the North Pole were in the possession of Canada. This arbitrary claim was made at a time when the imperialist powers were preparing to bloodily re-divide the world in World War I. Denmark, Norway and the US all made claims and sent explorers to the Arctic region. While Norway withdrew its claims, Canada’s ruling elite continues to have disputes with the US in the Beaufort Sea and with Denmark over Hans Island in the middle of the Nares Strait between Ellesmere Island and Greenland.

More recent attempts to bolster Canada’s Arctic sovereignty claims resulted in the forcible relocation of Inuit in parts of Baffin Island and Northern Quebec to barren, inhospitable islands of the north. The relocations were coercively enforced by the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in 1953 and 1955. Government officials, the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches agreed upon this course of action the previous year as a means of populating the north. The Inuit were relocated to Grise Fiord on Ellesmere Island and Resolute on Cornwallis Island as a means of asserting the argument of “effective occupation” in relation to Canadian sovereignty claims. While an internal RCMP report from 2006 denies it, the Inuit claim that at least 20,000 Inuit sled dogs were killed during the 1950s and 1960s to force them to quit their traditional cultural practices and relocate to the new communities.