8 Jun 2016

Clinton claims Democratic nomination after winning four of six final states

Patrick Martin

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton claimed the Democratic presidential nomination Tuesday night after winning four state primaries, in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota, giving her a majority of elected delegates for the Democratic National Convention.
Clinton won the two largest states to vote June 7: California, the most populous state, and New Jersey, the 11th largest. Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders narrowly won the Montana primary, as well as winning the North Dakota caucuses.
The size of Clinton’s victory in California far exceeded the two percentage point margin shown in polls leading up to the vote. This suggested that the intensive media campaign declaring Clinton the presumptive nominee, launched 24 hours before the polls opened, may have had the desired effect of depressing the Sanders vote.
Clinton’s victories in South Dakota and New Mexico, and the close contest in Montana, also suggested a significant decline in the vote for Sanders, who had been expected to win all three states.
Clinton declared victory in the overall contest for the Democratic nomination in a speech delivered just before the polls closed in California.
Her campaign set the tone of the speech with a video introduction that presented Clinton’s nomination as the culmination of nearly two centuries of struggle for women’s rights, going back to the first convention for women’s suffrage at Seneca Falls, New York. “Thanks to you, we’ve reached a milestone,” Clinton said. “The first time in our nation's history that a woman will be a major party's nominee.”
The New York Times set the tone for the exultation in the media over a Clinton nomination, writing in an editorial posted on its web site: “Mrs. Clinton’s name on the ballot in November would be another milestone in the quest for women’s rights, which, as she noted years ago, are human rights. This achievement is worth cheering by all, regardless of party, because it further opens the door to female leadership in every sphere."
This invocation of gender politics is modeled on the racial politics used to justify the Obama administration, with the claim that the policies of the first African-American president must be progressive, simply because of the race of the occupant of the White House.
In reality, Obama defended the interests of Wall Street just as fervently as his Republican predecessor Bush, bailing out the banks at the expense of the working class, and waging war around the world on behalf of American imperialism. Clinton served for the first four years of the Obama administration and would follow in its reactionary footsteps.
Clinton congratulated Sanders and his supporters on a “vigorous debate,” claiming to agree with the goals of raising incomes, reducing inequality and improving conditions for the poor and working people. But she went on to repeatedly extend an olive branch to Republicans and supporters of the candidates defeated by Donald Trump for the Republican nomination.
She denounced Trump, claiming that his signature slogan, “Make America great again,” was “code for let’s take America backwards. Back to a time when opportunity and dignity were reserved for some, not all.” In other words, she presented Trump’s appeal as a purely racial one, aimed at white men. She avoided any suggestion that the billionaire demagogue was able to gain a hearing because of the deteriorating economic conditions affecting all working people, regardless of race and gender.
In the most significant passage in her speech, Clinton declared, “This election is not, however, about the same old fights between Republicans and Democrats. This election is different. It really is about who we are as a nation.”
This is clearly to be the axis of the Clinton general election campaign: downplaying any critique of the right-wing Republican policies of budget austerity, tax cuts for the wealthy and militarism—which Clinton herself supports—in favor of an “anyone but Trump” scare campaign.
Sanders addressed his supporters late Tuesday night California time, as he prepared to fly back from the West Coast to his home in Burlington, Vermont. His campaign announced that he would travel on to Washington, DC Thursday for a campaign rally there and a meeting at the White House the same day with President Obama, “at Sanders’ request.”
Obama telephoned Sanders Sunday for a private conversation, which press reports suggested involved White House pressure for Sanders to acknowledge a Clinton victory quickly. It included the (stated or unstated) threat that Obama would make a formal endorsement of the former Secretary of State this week, ending his nominal neutrality in the nomination contest.
Also Tuesday night, the political crisis in the Republican Party came to a head over Trump’s incessant and openly racist attacks on the federal judge hearing the civil suit brought against Trump University by former students who claim that the real estate training program was a scam run for Trump’s personal profit.
Trump has blamed legal setbacks, including adverse rulings by Judge Gonzalo Curiel, on the fact that the Indiana-born judge was of Mexican ancestry. “He’s a Mexican,” Trump said in one interview. “We’re building a wall between here and Mexico.”
The racist vilification of the judge has provoked criticism of the Republican nominee within his own party, culminating in back-to-back statements by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan, disavowing his comments. On Tuesday, Republican Senator Mark Steven Kirk of Illinois publicly withdrew his support for the presidential nominee, citing the attacks on Judge Curiel.
Trump gave a televised speech Tuesday night, ostensibly to thank voters in the Republican primaries held that day, all of which he won in the absence of any remaining opponents. Its real purpose was damage control. Earlier in the day, the Trump campaign released a brief statement claiming that his statements on Judge Curiel had been “misconstrued.” Trump did not refer to the affair in his speech, but his promises not to embarrass the party were clearly aimed at assuring party officials and candidates that he would avoid further controversies of that type.
The speech included an appeal to Sanders supporters, claiming shared opposition to “the terrible trade deals that Bernie was so vehemently against—and he’s right on that.” Trump also professed sympathy for “communities in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Indiana, and Ohio, whose manufacturing jobs, literally, these jobs have virtually disappeared.”
While Clinton’s victory speech oozed complacency and promised to continue the supposed progress under the Obama administration, Trump presented the condition of the United States as disastrous. “We’re broke. We are $19 trillion in debt,” he said, “going quickly to $21 trillion. Our infrastructure is a disaster. Our schools are failing. Crime is rising. People are scared.”
He combined this indictment with a rant against immigrants, characterizing them as robbers and murderers. This echoed the infamous speech in which he announced his campaign a year ago, when he vilified Mexican immigrants as rapists and murderers. It sets the tone for an increasingly fascistic turn in the Republican Party.

Fallujah: A symbol of US war crimes

James Cogan

No city in Iraq is more symbolic of the criminal consequences of the US invasion of Iraq than Fallujah. Prior to 2003, the 300,000-strong, prosperous, predominantly Sunni Muslim community on the Euphrates River, one of humanity’s oldest continuous urban settlements, was known as the “city of mosques.” After 13 years of destruction at the hands of the US military and its client state in Baghdad, it is today a labyrinth of ruins, a city of the dead.
Following weeks of air strikes by US, British and Australian bombers, a combination of Iraqi government forces and Shiite militias is reportedly on the verge of a final offensive to seize back Fallujah from some 500 fighters of the Sunni-extremist Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which took control of the city in early 2014. Iraqi special forces units are accompanied by elite troops of the US, British and Australian militaries, who direct air strikes and ground artillery bombardments and provide tactical advice to Iraqi commanders.
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) Zeid Ra’ad al Hussein has issued urgent appeals concerning the fate of the estimated 50,000 civilians who are trapped in Fallujah, without food or water. Civilian deaths caused by the offensive have been justified in advance by the US-backed Iraqi government with allegations that the occupiers are using the population as “human shields.” ISIS is accused of murdering dozens of people who have attempted to flee.
Men and teenagers who do escape are being detained by Iraqi government and militia units. According to the UNHCR, they are being subjected to “physical violations and other forms of abuse, apparently in order to elicit forced confessions” of being ISIS members or supporters. The UNHCR has received unconfirmed accounts of at least 21 summary executions.
In the media coverage, the question as to how and why ISIS was able to gain control of the city two years ago is largely ignored. To the extent it is raised, the explanation given is Sunni resentment over the sectarian and discriminatory policies of the Shiite-dominated government— after the withdrawal of American troops in 2011. The Iraqi people as a whole are generally portrayed as incurably divided along Sunni, Shiite and Kurdish lines, incapable of living in harmony together and inherently attracted to extremist ethno-sectarian ideologies.
A review of the tortured history of Fallujah since 2003 makes clear that this narrative is a lie. The current situation in Iraq and neighbouring Syria is the outcome and continuation of the deliberate stoking of sectarian conflict by the American occupation for the purpose of dividing the Iraqi masses and cementing the US grip over the oil-rich Middle East.
After the illegal invasion of Iraq and overthrow of the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein, Fallujah was the scene of one of the first widely reported crimes by American troops against Iraqi civilians. Two hundred youth demanding the reopening of their school were fired on by troops of the US 82nd Airborne Division. Seventeen were murdered and over 70 wounded.
Over the following months, Fallujah emerged as a centre of Iraqi resistance to the US occupation. By early 2004, the city was effectively controlled by armed groups overwhelmingly made up of former members of the Iraqi Army and local Sunni tribes. Religious-based extremists, such as the small grouping calling itself “Al Qaeda in Iraq,” had only a minor presence.
The killing of four Blackwater mercenaries in Fallujah in March 2004 triggered a massive American military response. Across Iraq, the defiance of the people of Fallujah became a clarion call for resistance. In the first week of April, the stand in the city against the occupation was joined by an uprising of tens of thousands of Shiite working class youth in Baghdad and cities across southern Iraq. The armed insurgency against the US forces spread to predominantly Sunni cities such as Ramadi, Tikrit and Mosul.
The dominant feature of the anti-occupation resistance in Iraq in 2004 was that it objectively unified Iraqis of all backgrounds who opposed the US occupation and its local collaborators. However, it lacked any coherent perspective or strategy. In city after city, Iraqi fighters were overwhelmed by the superior firepower of the US military, including in Fallujah in November 2004. After a months-long siege, the city was left depopulated and in rubble. Of its 200 mosques, 60 were destroyed or damaged, along with some 39,000 homes and other buildings.
The other central feature of the US occupation in 2004 was the deployment of US-trained Shiite death squads, such as the Wolf Brigade, against the Sunni population. Thousands of people were murdered. At the same time, Al Qaeda in Iraq escalated sinister bombings of Shiite civilians, which assisted the US occupation in driving a wedge between the two communities. By 2006, US policy had provoked a full-scale sectarian civil war that forced hundreds of thousands of people to flee for safety into areas controlled by the militias of their religious denomination.
The origins of the present savage sectarianism Iraq lie in the manner by which US imperialism “stabilised” Iraq under the control of its Shiite-dominated puppet state, using the criminal methods of divide-and-rule, mass killings and mass dislocation. In 2011, as it withdrew its forces from Iraq, Washington launched a regime-change war in Libya and began sponsoring a regime-change operation in Syria using the same methods that had triggered civil war in Iraq. In Syria, however, the CIA and US military worked through Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states to arm Sunni-based groupings to overthrow the Russian- and Iranian-backed Shiite-dominated government of Bashar al-Assad.
One of the main groupings that benefited from the flow of arms was the remnants of Al Qaeda in Iraq, which sent fighters into Syria and soon emerged as a dominant force in the civil war. In April 2013, strengthened by a flood of foreign Islamist fighters who were permitted to enter Syria from Turkey, it renamed itself the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
The ISIS fighters who entered Fallujah in late 2013 and claimed control over the city in January 2014 had been financed, equipped and armed as part of the US intrigues in Syria. ISIS seized other areas of Sunni-dominated western and northern Iraq, most dramatically the city of Mosul, in July 2014. To the extent the Islamist movement received support, it was because it pledged to defend the Sunni population from the consequences of the US invasion, including the depredations and abuses of the US-backed government in Baghdad. Both materially and ideologically, ISIS is the by-product of US policy.
The current onslaught on Fallujah is only the latest chapter in the catastrophe that US imperialism has inflicted on the peoples of Iraq and the Middle East as a whole. It can be ended only through the building of a mass international anti-war movement based on the working class and the fight for socialism.

7 Jun 2016

2016/2017 Government of Japan Scholarship for Nigerian Undergraduate, Masters and PhD Students

Application Deadline: 30th of June 2016.
Brief description: The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) is offering scholarships to Nigerian students who wish to study at Japanese universities as Undergraduate and Masters students under the Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship Program for 2017.
About Scholarship: The Japanese Government’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) is offering Nigerian students scholarships for academic study in Japan in order to deepen their understanding of the Japanese language, Japanese affairs and Japanese culture. The purpose of these scholarships is to promote mutual understanding and deepening friendly ties between Japan and other countries through the application of advanced knowledge regarding Japan’s language and culture.
Scholarship Offered Since: Not specified
Scholarship Type:
1. Research Students: (Post graduate students who wish to conduct research in Japan for the award of Ph.D/Master’s degrees in respective fields).
2. Undergraduate students who wish to continue their education in Japanese universities for the award of first degrees.
3. College of Technology students
4. Specialized Training colleges
Eligible Field of Study: Those who wish to study in Japan as an undergraduate student must choose a field of major from (1) or (2) below. Applicants may enter a first, second, and third choice.
(1) Social Sciences and Humanities: Social Sciences and Humanities-A: Laws, Politics, Pedagogy, Sociology, Literature, History, Japanese language, and others. Social Sciences and Humanities-B: Economics and Business Administration.
(2) Natural Sciences: Natural Sciences-A: Science (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry), Electrical and Electronic Studies (Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Information Engineering), Mechanical Studies  (Mechanical Engineering, Naval Architecture), Civil Engineering and Architecture (Civil Engineering, Architecture, Environmental Engineering), Chemical Studies (Applied Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, Textile Engineering), and other fields (Metallurgical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Maritime Engineering, Biotechnology). Natural Sciences-B: Agricultural studies (Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural Engineering, Animal Science, Veterinary Medicine, Forestry, Food Science, Fisheries), Hygienic studies (Pharmacy, Hygienics, Nursing), and Science (Biology). Natural Sciences-C: Medicine, and Dentistry.

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For postgraduate, applicants should apply for the field of study they majored in at university or its related field. Moreover, the fields of study must be subjects which applicants will be able to study and research in graduate courses at Japanese universities.
Selection Criteria and Eligibility: Prospective candidates must:
  • Not be 35 years of age and
  • Have completed their first degree in a competent university with competitive Grade Point Average.
  • Health: Applicants must be free from any mental or physical disabilities that would be an impediment to the pursuit of university study.
Number of Scholarships: Not specified
Value of Scholarship:
  • -Allowance: The amount of the scholarship disbursement per month has yet to be determined.
  • -Transportation to Japan
  • -Transportation from Japan: The recipient who returns to his/her home country within the fixed period after the expiration of his/her scholarship will be supplied, upon application, with an economy-class airplane ticket for travel from the New Tokyo International Airport or any other international airport that the appointed university usually uses to the international airport nearest to his/her home address
  • -Tuition and Other Fees: Fees for the entrance examination, matriculation, and tuition at universities will be borne by the Japanese Government.
Duration of Scholarship: For postgraduate,  between 18 & 24 months.
To be taken at (country):  Japanese Universities
Offered annually? Yes
How to Apply: Nigerian candidates should visit the scholarship webpage to apply.
Interested candidates can also visit the Embassy of Japan to pick up application forms.
Address: No.9 Bobo Street (off Gana Street), Maitama, Abuja
Telephone: (09) 461-2713, 461-2714
Embassy working hours: (Mon to Thurs) 8:00am to 3:00pm, (Fri) 8:00am to 1:30pm
Visit the general scholarship webpage for details.
Sponsors: The Japanese Government’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Important Notes: Candidates should please note that applications forms for the current exercise is clearly marked – (2017). Applications made with the 2016 forms will, therefore, not be processed by the Embassy.

Two Bayer Science & Education Foundation Scholarships for International Students – Germany

Application Deadline: Applications must be submitted between June 3 and July 18, 2016.
Offered annually? Yes
Eligible Countries: International
To be taken at (country): Germany
Brief description: The Bayer Fellowship Program targets students and apprentices in scientific and medical disciplines. Its goal is to support the next generation of researchers and teachers as they engage in “Science for a Better Life”.
Eligible Fields of Studies: Two scholarships are awarded in the following scientific disciplines:
Life Sciences: Students and young professionals in the fields of biology, molecular biology, bioengineering, bioinformatics, chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals and computational life sciences can apply for the Otto Bayer Scholarship.
Agro Sciences: Students and young professionals in the fields of agro sciences, agronomy, crop sciences, green biotechnology, environmental sciences and sustainability can apply for the Jeff Schell Scholarship.
About the Award: The Fellowship Program offers tailored financial support to candidates applying for these programmes. Important requirements for the support is that the candidate’s project to be supported must be innovative and international. Scholarships are granted to students and young professionals (up to two years after graduation) from Germany wishing to realize a study or research project abroad or to foreign students/young professionals pursuing a project in Germany.
Education, research and the courage to try new approaches have been the basis for human progress since the dawn of time. Innovations that benefit humanity develop from the combination of knowledge and pioneer spirit. That is why the Bayer Foundations take a holistic approach and consider a broad range of social actors.

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They encourage students to follow their curious impulses with programs for schools, universities and scientific institutions and support those who take an active role in healthcare and the community.
Offered Since: Not known
Type: Postgraduate Research
Eligibility: All applicants should have a high level of commitment, dedication and an innovative project plan. Scholarships are granted to students and young professionals (up to two years after graduation) from Germany wishing to realize a study or research project abroad or to foreign students/young professionals pursuing a project in Germany.
Number of Awardees: Not specified
Value of Scholarship: The financing generally covers the cost of living, travel expenses and project costs. Each applicant is asked to set up an individual cost schedule to be approved by the Foundation Council.
Duration of Scholarship: Duration of course
How to Apply: The following application documents are required for the Otto Bayer Scholarship and the Jeff Schell Scholarship
  • Confirmation letter from host institute/university
  • A description of the project (duration of 2-12 months) with financial plan within the timeline of September 2016 to August 2017. The project can consist of
    special study courses, laboratory assignments, research projects, summer classes, internships, Master’s or PhD programs.
  • Most recent transcripts
  • Any additional documents that would enhance the application
  • Photo (passport or job application photo)
Award Provider: The Bayer Fellowship Program

2016 Carl Duisberg Scholarships for Students in Human Medicine and Veterinary Medicine

Application Deadline: Applications must be submitted between June 3 and July 18, 2016.
Offered annually? Yes
Eligible Countries: International
To be taken at (country): Germany
Brief description: The Bayer Fellowship Program targets students and apprentices in scientific and medical disciplines. Its goal is to support the next generation of researchers and teachers as they engage in “Science for a Better Life”.
Eligible Fields of Studies: Students and young professionals with up to 2 years of experience from the following fields:
  • biology and molecular biology
  • biotechnology and bioinformatics
  • chemistry and biochemistry
  • pharmacy and drug discovery
About the Award: The Carl Duisberg scholarships offer individual support to committed students and young professionals with 1 to 2 years of experience in the disciplines of human and veterinary medicine, medical science, health technology, public health and health economics.
The scholarship funds students of these subjects (until completion of the doctoral degree) and young professionals who have completed their degrees no longer than 2 years before, wishing to realise a particular project in Germany: a scientific project, a specific course, a medical traineeship, a clinical internship year or simply on-the-job training.
Candidates are required to have an excellent academic record and must submit a clearly defined project including a research proposal and a cost schedule as well as a confirmation by the host organisation that facilities are available. The level of support varies depending on the project. It is, however, generally sufficient to cover the living-, travel- and project costs.

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Offered Since: Not known
Type: Postgraduate Degree
Eligibility: 
  • All applicants should have a high level of commitment, dedication and an innovative project plan.
  • Applications are invited from
    • students and young professionals from Germany who wish to pursue a project abroad or
    • students and young professionals from abroad who wish to pursue a project in Germany.
Number of Awardees: about 15 to 20 scholarships each year
Value of Scholarship: The financing generally covers the cost of living, travel expenses and project costs. Each applicant is asked to set up an individual cost schedule to be approved by the Foundation Council.
Duration of Scholarship: Duration of course
How to Apply: The following application documents are required for the Carl Duisberg scholarship:
  • Confirmation letter from host institute/university
  • A description of the project (duration of 2-12 months) with financial plan within the timeline of September 2016 to August 2017. The project can consist of
    special study courses, laboratory assignments, research projects, summer classes, internships, Master’s or PhD programs.
  • Most recent transcripts
  • Any additional documents that would enhance the application
  • Photo (passport or job application photo)
Award Provider: The Bayer Fellowship Program

2016 Bayer Foundation Talents for Africa Scholarship Programme – Germany

Application Deadline: Applications must be submitted between June 3 and July 18, 2016.
Offered annually? Yes
Eligible Countries: Egypt, South Africa and Kenya
To be taken at (country): Germany
Brief description: The Bayer Fellowship Program targets students and apprentices in scientific and medical disciplines to support the next generation of researchers and teachers from Africa as they engage in “Science for a Better Life”.
Eligible Fields of Studies: 
  • Careers in healthcare
  • Technical or scientific occupations
  • Business administration
About the Award: The program “Talents for Africa” is aimed at German students and young professionals with up to two years of work experience who would like to do a study project or gain practical work experience in Africa. It is also open to students in Africa who would like to study, research or complete an internship in Germany. Students and young professionals with credentials in the subjects listed above can apply.
Offered Since: Not known
Type: Postgraduate Degree
Eligibility: 

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  • All applicants should have a high level of commitment, dedication and an innovative project plan.
  • Applications are invited from
    • students and young professionals from Germany who wish to pursue a project abroad or
    • students and young professionals from abroad who wish to pursue a project in Germany.
Number of Awardees: Not stated
Value of Scholarship: The financing generally covers the cost of living, travel expenses and project costs. Each applicant is asked to set up an individual cost schedule to be approved by the Foundation Council.
Duration of Scholarship: Duration of course
How to Apply: The following application documents are required for the Talents for Africa scholarship:
  • Confirmation letter from host institute/university
  • A description of the project (duration of 2-12 months) with financial plan within the timeline of September 2016 to August 2017. The project can consist of
    special study courses, laboratory assignments, research projects, summer classes, internships, Master’s or PhD programs.
  • Most recent transcripts
  • Any additional documents that would enhance the application
  • Photo (passport or job application photo)
Award Provider: The Bayer Fellowship Program

The Wages of Neoliberalism: Poverty, Exile and Early Death

Michael Hudson & Sharmini Peries

Economist Michael Hudson says neoliberal policy will pressure U.S. citizens to emigrate, just as it caused millions to leave Russia, the Baltic States, and now Greece in search of a better life.
A research team from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in New York estimates 875,000 deaths in the United States in year 2000 could be attributed to social factors related to poverty and income inequality.
According to U.S. government statistics, 2.45 million Americans died in the same year. When compared to the Columbia research team’s finding, social deprivation could account for some 36% of the total deaths in 2000.
“Almost all of the British economists of the late 18th century said when you have poverty, when you have a transfer of wealth to the rich, you’re going to have shorter lifespans, and you’re also going to have emigration,” says Michael Hudson, Distinguished Research Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
Many countries, such as Russia, the Baltic States, and now Greece, have seen a massive outflow of their populations due to worsening social conditions after the implementation of neoliberal policy.
Hudson predicts that the United States will undergo the same trend, as greater hardship results from the passage of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, changes to social security, and broader policy shifts due to prospective appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court and the next presidential cabinet.
“Now, the question is, in America, now that you’re having as a result of this polarization shorter lifespans, worse health, worse diets, where are the Americans going to emigrate? Nobody can figure that one out yet,” says Hudson.
SHARMINI PERIES, TRNN: After decades of sustained attacks on social programs and consistently high unemployment rates, it is no surprise that mortality rates in the country have increased. A research team from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in New York has estimated that 875,000 deaths in the United States in the year 2000 could be attributed to clusters of social factors bound up with poverty and income inequality. According to U.S. government statistics, some 2.45 million Americans died in the year 2000, thus the researchers estimate means that social deprivation was responsible for some 36 percent of the total deaths that year. A staggering total.
Joining us to discuss all of this from New York City is Michael Hudson. Michael is a Distinguished Research Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri Kansas City. His latest book is Killing the Host: How Financial Parasites and Debt Bondage Destroy the Global Economy
So, Michael, what do you make of this recent research and what it’’s telling us about the death total in this country?
HUDSON: What it tells is almost identical to what has already been narrated for Russia and Greece. And what is responsible for the increasing death rates is neoliberal economic2KillingTheHost_Cover_rulepolicy, neoliberal trade policy, and the polarization and impoverishment of a large part of society. After the Soviet Union broke up in 1991, death rates soared, lifespans shortened, health standards decreased all throughout the Yeltsin administration, until finally President Putin came in and stabilized matters. Putin said that the destruction caused by neoliberal economic policies had killed more Russians than all of whom died in World War II, the 22 million people. That’s the devastation that polarization caused there.
Same thing in Greece. In the last five years, Greek lifespans have shortened. They’re getting sicker, they are dying faster, they’re not healthy. Almost all of the British economists of the late 18th century said when you have poverty, when you have a transfer of wealth to the rich, you’re going to have shorter lifespans, and you’re also going to have immigration. The countries that have a hard money policy, a creditor policy, people are going to emigrate. Now, at that time that was why England was gaining immigrants. It was gaining skilled labor. It was gaining people to work in its industry because other countries were still in the post-feudal system and were driving them out. Russia had a huge emigration of skilled labor, largely to Germany and to the United States, especially in information technology. Greece has a heavy outflow of labor. The Baltic States have had almost a 10 percent decline in their population in the last decade as a result of their neoliberal policies. Also, health problems are rising.
Now, the question is, in America, now that you’re having as a result of this polarization shorter lifespans, worse health, worse diets, where are the Americans going to emigrate? Nobody can figure that one out yet. There’s nowhere for them to go, because they don’t speak a foreign language. The Russians, the Greeks, most Europeans all somehow have to learn English in school. They’re able to get by in other countries. They’re not sure where on earth the Americans will go. Nobody can really figure this out.
And the amazing thing, what’s going to make this worse, is the the Trans-Pacific trade agreement, and the counterpart with the Atlantic states. There’s news that President Obama plans to make a big push for the Trans-Pacific trade agreement, essentially the giveaway to corporations preventing governments from enacting environmental protections, preventing them from imposing health standards, preventing them from having cigarette warnings or warnings about bad food. Obama says he wants to push this through after the election. And the plan is that the Republicans also are sort of working with him and saying okay, we’re going to wait and see. Maybe Donald Trump will come in and he’ll really do things. Or maybe we can get Hillary, who will move way further to the right than any Republican could, and bring along the Congress.
But let’s say that we don’t know what’s happening after the elections, and the Republicans don’t want a risk. They’re going to do a number of things. They’re going to approve Obama’s Republican nominee to the Supreme Court figuring, well, maybe Hillary will put in someone worse, or even Trump may put in someone worse. They may go along, at this point, with ratifying a trade agreement that’s going to vastly increase unemployment here, especially in industrial labor, turning much of the American industrial urban complex into a rust belt. And they’re also talking about an October surprise or an early November surprise. It’s the last chance that Obama has, really, to start a war with Russia.
Russia policy expert Stephen Cohen, and a number of other site,s have warned that there’s going to be a danger when they put in the atomic weapons in Romania. President Putin has said this is a red line. We’re not going to warn. We don’t have an army. We can only use atomic weapons. So you have danger coming not only from a domestic decline in population, you have a real chance of war. And Obama has stepped things up. Hillary has, I think, almost announced that she is going to appoint Victoria Nuland as secretary of state, and Nuland is the person who was pushing the Ukrainian fascists in the direction of assassinations and shootouts.
This trend looks very bad. If you want to see where America is going demographically, best to look at Greece, Latvia, Russia, and also in England. A Dr. Miller has done studies of health and longevity, and he’s found that the lower the income status of any group in England, the shorter the lifespan. Now, this is very important for the current debate about Social Security. You’re having people talk about extending the Social Security age because people are living longer. Who’s living longer in America? The rich are living longer. The wealthy are living longer. But if you make under $30,000 a year, or even under $50,000 a year, you’re not living longer.
So the idea is how to avoid having to pay Social Security for the lower-income people — the middle class and the working class that die quicker, and only pay social security for the wealthier classes that live longer? Nobody has plugged this discussion of lifespans and longevity into the Social Security debate that Obama and Hillary are trying to raise the retirement age, to ostensibly save Social Security. By saving Social Security she means to avoid taxing the higher brackets and paying for Social Security out of the general budget, which of course would entail taxing the higher-income people as well as the lower-income people.

Why Shorter Workweeks Will Defeat the Robots

Dean Baker

More than eight years after the start of the Great Recession, our labor market is far from recovering by most measures. At 5 percent, the current unemployment rate is not very different from its pre-recession level, but the main reason it is so low is that millions of people have given up looking for work and dropped out of the labor force. These people are no longer counted as being unemployed.
And contrary to what is often claimed, this is not a story of retiring baby boomers. The percentage of the prime age population (people between the ages of 25-54) that is working is down by 2 full percentage points from its pre-recession level. This translates into 2.5 million people who have given up looking for work at an age where they should be at the peak of their working career. That looks like pretty solid evidence of a weak labor market.
There are two ways to deal with a situation in which the number of people who want to work exceeds the number of jobs. The first is to increase demand in the economy, thereby increasing the demand for workers. We could in principle do this with increased government spending, but people don’t like budget deficits.
Reducing the size of the trade deficit would also increase demand, but this requires that our politicians make trade deficits a priority, which is not likely.
Some politicians claim that they have a magic formula that will cause companies to go on an investment spree. Unfortunately, the magic seems to work only in the elections, never once they are in office.
If we can’t increase the demand for labor, we could go the other route and share the amount of work available more evenly. This can be done through a variety of mechanisms, such as shorter workweeks, mandated vacations, paid sick days, and paid family leave. The idea is that we would get most workers to put in less time on the job, thereby creating demand for more workers.
That shouldn’t sound like a strange concept. It was exactly this sort of thinking that got us the 40-hour workweek back in 1938. Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which required employers to pay time and half if they required workers to put in more than a 40-hour week.
There were people at the time who pronounced the law a disaster and job killer, but the facts disagreed. The economy was lifted out of the Great Depression by the spending associated with World War II. We then had the three most prosperous decades in the country’s history as we saw strong wage and productivity growth accompanied by low unemployment.
The Fair Labor Standards Act was part of a steady progression toward shortening work time as the country got wealthier. Unfortunately, it was also pretty much the end of this progression. Since expensive nonwage benefits like health care insurance and pensions were largely provided as fixed cost per worker, employers decided they would rather require more hours per worker than hire more workers. As a result, the 40-hour workweek was largely frozen in place.
This makes the United States an outlier internationally. Workers in other wealthy countries put in many fewer hours on average than do workers in the United States. To take one prominent example, according to data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the average number of hours worked in Germany is almost 25 percent less than the average for the United States. This has helped push Germany’s unemployment rate down to 4 percent. And, unlike the United States, the share of the population in Germany with jobs is far above its pre-recession level.
We cannot, of course, make our economy a carbon copy of Germany, but we can pass laws requiring paid time off for family leave and sick days, as many states and cities have already done. In Germany, workers are guaranteed six weeks a year of paid vacation. We can start at two or three. And, we can restructure our unemployment insurance system to encourage firms to reduce hours with work sharing rather than layoff workers.
Technology is supposed to be about making our lives better. An important way in which it does this is by reducing the number of hours that we have to spend working so that we can have more time to be with our family or enjoy other pursuits. There is a great fear across the country that robots will take our jobs. If we correctly structure the economy, robots will give us more free time, and that will be good.

One in seven children in Germany relies on social welfare

Marianne Arens


One in seven children under the age of 15 in Germany is dependent upon the Hartz IV welfare benefits received by their parents. In Bremen and Berlin almost one child in three is affected (31.5 percent).

These alarming figures come from data from the federal agency for labour for 2015 examined by parliamentary deputy Sabine Zimmermann (Left Party). According to the data, an average of more than 1.5 million children were dependent upon Hartz IV last year, 34,000 more than in the previous year. The difference in poverty rates between east and west is starkly visible. Whereas in eastern Germany 20.3 percent of children are affected, in the west the average is 13 percent.

But these figures by no means comprise all children who are reliant on state support and thus live below the poverty line. “There are a large number of children in addition,” said Hans Hilger from the German Alliance for the Protection of Children on Dom radio. If one includes the families not dependent on Hartz IV, but other benefits like child benefits or housing benefits, roughly 2.7 million children are affected.

It was a scandal, Hilger continued, that the state paid more for the children of the better-off than for those of the poor. Parents on an average income could cut their taxes by almost €300 thanks to the child tax rebate, but for the poor, child benefit of almost €200 is incorporated into the Hartz IV rate. According to Hilger, child poverty has roughly doubled since 2000.

The parents of these children are often single parents or long-term unemployed. Der Spiegel reported in an article on Hartz IV that an increasing number of people never make it out of the poverty trap.

More than a million adults have been claiming Hartz IV for more than nine years. This emerged in a response by the federal government to a question tabled in parliament by the Greens. This means that one in four Hartz IV claimants is expected to be permanently dependent on social welfare, presumably for the rest of their lives.

Behind these figures lurk senseless suffering and frustration millions of times over, for children, young people and their parents, as well as families, numerous pensioners and the unemployed. The rampant poverty rates are destroying any future perspective for an entire generation.

In Der Spiegel’s report, a pensioner from Munich, who was formerly an engineer with a diploma, spoke about how he has to walk around with holes in his shoes because he lacks the funds to buy a new pair. “When it rains, it seeps through,” the magazine cited him as saying.

The Paritätische Wohlfahrtverband, a welfare organisation, classified over 15 percent of the population, or 12.5 million people, as poor in its last report, including around 3.4 million pensioners and more than 2.5 million children. These poverty figures are a devastating indictment of a wealthy society like Germany in the 21st century.

These horrendous figures are the direct product of the Hartz reforms and the “Agenda 2010” implemented 14 years ago by the Social Democrat-Green government (1998-2005) of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and Deputy Chancellor Joschka Fischer. In collaboration with the trade unions, it initiated the largest social cuts in German history since the Second World War.

The Hartz laws have subsequently emerged as a model for the whole of Europe. Similar or even worse social attacks have since taken place in Greece, Italy, Spain and France.

Currently in France, the Socialist Party government is enforcing a comparable labour market reform against the bitter opposition of the French working class. Two years ago, the initiator of the Hartz reforms, Peter Hartz, who gave his name to the laws, personally advised the Hollande government in the drafting of the reform. The result is the law named after labour minister Myriam El Khomri, which the Socialist Party rushed through parliament by decree and without a vote three weeks ago.

In Greece, several Social Democrats are collaborating with Syriza to enforce the dictates of the European Union. According to Greek media reports, Deputy Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel, Jörg Asmussen, state secretary in the labour ministry under SPD labour minister Andrea Nahles, and European Parliament President Martin Schulz are in close contact with Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras. In Greece, Syriza’s brutal programme of cuts is provoking new strikes and protests.

The problem of child poverty has “been known for a long time,” said the Left Party deputy Zimmermann as she presented the figures last Tuesday. “The federal government must finally deal with this problem in order to create a perspective for the children.” There is a great deal of hypocrisy behind this critique.

The Left Party is no different from other parties on questions of social policy. From the Alternative for Germany, the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union, to the Social Democrats, Greens and Left Party, all are agreed that in the crisis there is “no alternative” to cuts. The Left Party was the first party to support Syriza in Greece and they continue to back the Tsipras government today.

In Berlin, where nearly one in three children survives on Hartz IV payments, the Left Party, and its predecessor organisation PDS, sat in the state government from January 2002 to the end of 2011. During this time, social polarisation intensified more than anywhere else in Germany. The Social Democrat-Left Party state government imposed a ruthless austerity programme on the backs of the working class, and on the unemployed and socially vulnerable in particular. In Berlin, the conditions for the unemployed and Hartz IV claimants deteriorated more sharply than in any other German state.

The Senate supported a large number of one euro (per hour) jobs and was heavily involved in hiking off the unemployed to private companies as low-wage or contract labourers. During the 10 years of the Social Democrat-Left Party government, the number of contract workers increased by 118 percent and the number of employees in the public sector was cut by a third.

The Senate sold public housing units to private investors and property developers, resulting in a massive increase in rents. Thousands of Hartz IV claimants were forced out of their apartments, because the decision-makers at the job centres determined that rent costs were too high.

It was precisely during this time that child poverty consolidated itself in socially explosive areas of Berlin. In this context, the Left Party’s record on this is devastating. At the same time, the Social Democrat-Left Party government made massive cuts to universities and schools and eliminated the free provision of school textbooks. The access to the public services for school leavers was also made increasingly difficult.

Berlin is a perfect example of the fact that the Left Party’s name is the only thing “left” about it. Whenever it has assumed government responsibility, it has been a driving force for social destruction. Their policies are no different from those of the SPD, with which it has been striving for years to form a governing coalition on the federal level.