12 Jun 2019

Britain in Crisis and Going Further Downhill

Brian Cloughley

No, Britain’s crisis isn’t the result of Trump’s recent and highly unpopular visit to that haywire country (with Newsweek reporting that “only 21 percent of U.K. residents had a positive opinion of Trump, compared to Obama, who had a staggering 72 percent favorable rating”).  The crisis was avoidable and entirely self-made. It involves the feverish desire of many Britons to leave the 28-nation European Union and go it alone.
The movement is generally known as Brexit and the rallying cry of its leaders is the slogan “Let’s Take Back Control” — meaning, in the words of The Atlantic magazine, they claim that by quitting Europe “they would be returning power from Brussels back to lawmakers in Westminster and, by extension, to the British people themselves.”  The ‘Vote Leave’ group declared “We’ve lost control of trade, human rights, and migration” and there was an intensive and most misleading campaign waged to encourage the British people to believe that they had endured decades of unproductive cringing subservience to the EU.
A leading Brexiteer (and likely next prime minister), Boris Johnson, declared in 2017 that “The independence of this country is being seriously compromised. It is this fundamental democratic problem – this erosion of democracy – that brings me into this fight.”  The notion that British democracy is threatened by the European Union is ludicrous — but it continues to play well with voters.
Another front-running contender to be prime minister is Michael Gove, a curiously repellent individual, who declared in February 2016 that “your government is not, ultimately, in control in hundreds of areas that matter. But by leaving the EU we can take control.”
More objectively the Financial Times observed that “The EU has no significant influence over the UK’s spending on (or policies towards) health, education, housing, pensions, welfare, infrastructure, culture or, for that matter, defense and aid,” but this doesn’t stop the likes of Gove and Johnson playing on the fears of citizens whose instinctive feelings include distrust and even detestation of foreigners.
One 2017 UK survey showed that “56% of people felt local culture was threatened by ethnic minorities” and another that “When split by opinion in the EU referendum, 34 per cent of Leave voters admitted holding racist attitudes compared to 18 per cent of Remain voters, and similar proportions were seen in Conservative and Labor supporters respectively.”  In 2019 a University of Manchester study found that “over 70% of ethnic minority workers [said] they have experienced racial harassment at work in the last five years, and around 60% [said] they have been subjected to unfair treatment by their employer because of their race.”
On the other hand, there are many sectors of the British economy in which foreign nationals are not harassed — because they own them.  Hundreds of enterprises in Britain have been taken over by foreigners, but neither Gove nor Johnson, these Britain-first patriots, have said a word about how they would “take control” of the former jewels in Britain’s commercial crown.
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is owned by Germany’s BMW group,  Jaguar Landrover by India’s Tata, and British Steel by Greybull Capital which was set up “by Marc and Nathaniel Meyohas, the sons of a French corporate lawyer.”  Take Control, anyone?
The UK’s largest airport, Heathrow, which has the most passenger traffic in Europe, is owned by an international consortium headed by Spain’s Ferrovial Group, and a 2018 analysis revealed that Britain’s major public utilities — energy, railways and water —  “are all to a significant degree foreign owned and have been exceptionally poorly managed, while at the same time making large distributions of dividends to their owners.”  Ancient businesses such as the iconic toyshop, Hamleys (1760), Boots Chemists (1849), and Cadbury Chocolate (1831) are now owned by foreign firms whose tax payments to Britain are derisory. (For example, Mondelez, the owner of Cadbury “paid no corporation tax in Britain last year, despite reporting profit of more than £185 million.”)
It is ridiculous for “Vote Leave” to claim “We’ve lost control of trade” because of European Union rules and regulations. Britain has lost control of trade because governments have encouraged sinister foreign moguls such as Rupert Murdoch, a major Brexit propagandist and owner of The Times newspaper, to plunder Britain’s economy and influence its politics to an unsettling degree. The owners of the stridently pro-Brexit Daily Telegraph, the weird Barclay brothers, live in Monaco and the Channel Islands, which are not part of the United Kingdom, and don’t divulge their tax affairs.  The equally shrill ant-Brexit organ, the Daily Mail is owned by the patriotic Lord Rothermere who, as reported in Private Eye, is a “non-dom”, which describes those who wangle offshore residence in order to avoid paying UK tax.
Britain has been split apart by the campaign to leave Europe, and the Brexit fanatics destroyed Prime Minister Theresa May who, no matter what one might think of her politics, tried her conscientious best to achieve some sort of deal with the EU.  But there was no chance of that outcome, with such as Gove and Johnson desperate to get her job.
Johnson began his career as a journalist and was sacked by The Times newspaper for fabricating a quotation to back up a story. Then in 2004 he told an outrageous lie concerning his sex life.  He has the morals of a downmarket alley cat, and had denied reports that “the mother of his alleged mistress, Petronella Wyatt, said her daughter had become pregnant by him and had an abortion last month. Johnson, who is married with four children, had categorically dismissed the allegations . . . as an ‘inverted pyramid of piffle’ — and, crucially, had assured Tory leader Michael Howard they were untrue.”  But they were true, and when he could no longer deny the truth he had to resign, but carried on up the political ladder, in spite of his glaring moral defects.
As noted by Foreign Policy, when President Obama said he thought Brexit was unwise, Johnson “dismissed the US president’s position as an ‘ancestral dislike of the British Empire’ derived from being ‘part-Kenyan’.”  He then declared that voting for the Conservative Party “will cause your wife to have bigger breasts and increase your chances of owning a BMW.”  Apparently he thought this was terribly funny, and given his attitude to Obama and female breasts it isn’t surprising Trump told the media he thinks Johnson is “a very good guy, a very talented person . . . I think Boris would do a very good job [as prime minister]. I think he would be excellent.”
Johnson’s main opponent in the leadership race, and former ally, Michael Gove, hasn’t arranged any abortions or insulted presidents or indulged in crass jokes. He has confined his dubious activities to ripping off British taxpayers.
Ten years ago the UK’s Daily Telegraph conducted an inquiry into the outrageous expenses claims made by British members of Parliament, and it’s rattling good reading. One of the main cheaters identified was Michael Gove (net worth three million pounds) who, among other things, spent many thousands of pound of taxpayer’s money when he “furnished his house in [an up-market London suburb] . . . [buying] a £331 Chinon armchair as well as a Manchu cabinet for £493 and a pair of elephant lamps for £134.0. He also claimed for a £750 Loire table — although the Commons’ authorities only allowed him to claim £600 — a birch Camargue chair worth £432 and a birdcage coffee table for £238.50.”  When he was found to have fiddled his expenses claims he paid back £7000, but nothing could be done about retrieving the cash he made by moving house when he “submitted a £13,259 bill for the cost of the move, including his local authority searches, fees and stamp duty. In between the house moves, he stayed [in an hotel], charging the taxpayer more than £500 for a single night’s stay.”
Johnson and Gove are Britain’s main contenders to become Britain’s prime minister. One is a lying libertine, a lecherous adulterer who has sneered at colored people (“piccaninnies”), and the other is a cheap trickster who has all the charm, attraction and talent of a sock full of wet spaghetti.
Britain’s crisis will continue, and if either of these twerps succeeds in becoming prime minister its downhill plunge, socially and economically, will gather speed.

Abuse of Power by Employers in the UAE

Rahul Kumar

In war the strong make slaves of the weak, and in peace the rich make slaves of the poor. We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. We toil for them all day long, and they heap up gold in their coffers, and our children fade away before their time, and the faces of those we love become hard and evil. We tread out the grapes, and another drinks the wine. We sow the corn, and our own board is empty. We have chains, though no eye beholds them; and are slaves, though men call us free.
                                                                                           -Oscar Wilde, The Young King (1892)
As per the ILO, there are currently 214 million migrants, expected to rise to 405 million by 2050.Migration of Indians workers, skilled and unskilled, to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been in trend since 1973. Today, migrant workers make up more than 70 percent of the work force in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) — Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman.Human Rights Watch estimates that there are 236,500 domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates, of whom 146,100 are female, accounting for 12.8 percent of the total employment in the country.Only a handful of migrants have been granted citizenship since the country gained independence in 1971.
Around 2.623 million (27.49%) live and work in UAE. Recruitment process is cumbersome and labour abuses are daily affair in the UAE. There are several agencies involved in recruitment. Recruiters often ask workers to sign one contract in their home country, then instruct them to sign a new one at far lower wages once they arrive in the Gulf. According to report published by MFA Working Paper in 2011, “serious gaps exits between procedures as proscribed by laws/policies and the actual experience of migrants as they navigate the recruitment process. These gaps leave workers vulnerable to mistreatment, abuse and exploitation on the part of unscrupulous recruitment agencies and their subagents”. Gulf states have also not ratified the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to organize Convention which was adopted by the International Labour Conference in 1948. As such, migrant workers cannot form unions and protest these unfair labour practices. The United Nations Development Programme affirms that foreign workers in the Gulf cooperation Council (GCC) face such challenges, noting that they stem from racism, social exclusion, lack of accountability, and abuse of power by their employers.Systematic violations of migrant workers’ human rights and striking health disparities among these populations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are the norm in member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Labor abuses in the UAE persist. Despite some reforms many low-paid migrant workers remain acutely vulnerable to forced labor. The kafala(visa-sponsorship) system ties migrant workers to their employers. Those who leave their employers without their consent before the end of a contact can face punishment for “absconding,” including fines, prison, and deportation. A 2017 law Extended key protections to domestic workers, but the provisions remain weaker than those in the country’s national labor law. The kafala regime is widespread in Gulf countries and it perfectly embodies the ingredients of modern slavery.
Domestic workers face a range of abuses, including long working hours, unpaid salaries, and physical and sexual abuse. Samer Muscati, a researcher at Human Rights Watch (HRW) explained, “Workers also complain of non-payment of wages, despite a mandatory electronic payment system introduced in 2009 that requires companies to pay salaries directly into licensed banks to ensure timely payment without illegal deductions”. Domestic workers especially women are subjected to various kinds of sexual abuses by the elite class of UAE compelling the victims to take drastic step to end their life. More than 700 suicides among Indian migrants in UAE between 2007 and 2013 occurred. Thousands of suicides by domestic workers, due to suppression of freedom of press goes unreported. Human Rights Watch(HRW) went so far as to assert that some of the new regulations institutionalize discrimination against women.Domestic workers are often physically, psychologically, and sexually abused. They are denied adequate food, living conditions, or medical treatment. Violence against maids includes physical attacks ranging from rape to slapping, hair-pulling, burning with hot irons and coals, so traumatized by the experience that it even negatively affects their ability to reintegrate into society upon returning home. According to BBC, Eight princesses from the UAE have been convicted of Human trafficking and degrading treatment of their servants by a Brussels court.
Dubai has been a hub of multiple commercial activities for the tourists coming from various parts of the world. In order to boost economy of Dubai, several westerns abominable cultural immoralities are adopted and practiced ranging from human trafficking to cash-rich prostitution. “Dubai has an economy that’s based on a mirage,” says Syed Ali, sociologist and author of “Dubai: Gilded Cage.”
Prostitution may represent 30 percent of Dubai`s economy. Commercial sex workers operate out of apartment brothels and hotels, walk the streets, and work in club.Some estimates have as many as 30,000 sex workers in Dubai alone. Domestic workers are sold under the nose of the law enforcing agencies into sex slavery upon arrival in Dubai.
Since the mid-1990s, camel racing has grown into the UAE’s national sport.Camel jockeys are subject not only to mental and physical disorders shared with other migrant workers, but also to abuses unique to the sport. To keep the children’s weight low, trainers deprive them of food and give them salty water to drink, which increases diarrhea. They are forced to run in the desert heat carrying weights to lose any weight they might gain.
The measures taken by the Ministry of Labour (MoL), UAE in curbing domestic exploitation are not enough. Shutting down 1,441 firms due to their failure to safeguard worker`s wages is the tip of the iceberg. While 121,000 cases are currently pending within the preliminary courts for settlement. As for the private sector, the report said that 530,000 cases have been registered, including 6,329 by female workers. There are also more than 228,000 runaway cases inside the country, and 296,000 abroad.
Initiatives taken by UAE Government
In order to prevent human trafficking, several initiatives have been taken by Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratization by appointing anti-trafficking inspectors. The government enacted Federal Law No.10 of 2017, which provided additional protections for domestic workers, as well as specified new regulations for recruitment agencies and employers of such workers, including those pertaining to hiring practices, working conditions, and employment contracts. The National Committee to combat Human Trafficking (NCCHT) has been working to bring the culprits to the book.    Similarly, civil society organizations such as Dubai Foundation for Women and Children (DFWAC) is generating anti-trafficking awareness among the general populace. In matter of Policy framework, the UAE is not a signatory for most international human rights and labor rights treaties, which limits its accountability to international systems.
Current Scenario
Although several legal measures are taken by the local authorities to prevent exploitation of migrant workers yet the employers found to be continuing the obnoxious practices against the migrant workers. With the help of Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi India, the Indian Workers` Resources Centre (IWRC) now called Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra, Dubai (PBSKDB) and Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra, Sharjah(PBSK-SJ) are set up to provide assistance to the immigrant workers in case of injustice or illegal detention. A Migrant worker in Dubai, on the condition of anonymity explained, “Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra, Dubai (PBSKDB) is a show-piece which has no legal power to fight for justice for the migrant workers in Dubai.
Labour law in the UAE is weak and superficial. It is designed to circumvent accountability by providing a veneer of regulation to a system that is wholly weighted in favor of the employer. The result is untrammeled development at the expense of the most basic human rights of South Asian migrant worker. Migrant workers face several types of hurdles in registering complaints. The Gulf News reports how 38 South Asians were prevented from making a complaint because they could not afford to pay a AED 20 typing.
The employers and law –enforcing agencies enjoy a powerful nexus to suppress the cases of exploitation& mistreatment. Most of the time the police officers favor the employer and pass the verdict accordingly”. An Indian women migrant domestic worker in Dubai stated, “I was beaten mercilessly by lady of the house. Not only this, but she also pulled me by hairs to the street in the dark of the night and thrown me out of the house. I called my brother-in-law who was staying 25 miles away. We went to the nearest police station and try to register complaint but all in vain. Most of the employers are rich and resourceful hence they bribe the Police officer and close the case simply by giving a mild warning, she said. Later on my brother and I went to PBSKDB to explain my case but the officials showed their helplessness. “PBSKDB is a bogus body full of sycophants and opportunists whose primary interest is to draw economic and political benefit from the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi”, she described.
The UAE government is apprehensive of the migrant workers hence do not allow them to form any sort of workers` union to organize protests or demonstrations on the streets to seek justice to exploitation and mistreatment by the employers. Riaz Hassan, a visiting research professor at the Institute of Sotuh Asia Studies, National University of Singapore remarks that, “Emiratis also view migrant workers as a potential source of “working class militancy” for better social, economic and political rights, posing a threat to the Emirati social fabric”.David Keane & Micholas Mc Greehan argue that, “The involvement of the government in the system of exploitation is the reason why domestic UAE labour laws will never be effective. The government is deeply involved in industry, and the line between private and public enterprise is so blurred that it must be considered non-existent. The UAE government is profiting enormously from migrant labour, and has no incentive to improve workers’ rights. This is extremely difficult to justify. It is shameful in a state of untold wealth that the most basic rights are not granted to migrant workers”.
India`s Role
Between 2014-2018, economic trade between India-UAE rose to US$50 billion Narendra Modi as Prime Minister of India visited UAE more than the External Affairs Minister Ms.Sushma  Swaraj. The number of MOUs signed between the two countries at the bilateral meetings are mainly on trade, tourism, intelligence sharing, terrorism, security,skill development, and defense cooperation so & so. The litany is that neither Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi nor external Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj during her tenure ever took up the matter related to exploitation and mistreatment of migrant workers in the UAE by the employers.
The External Ministry of New Delhi India must take up the matter related to abuse of power against the migrant workers with the UAE government at the highest level and institute a steady and comprehensive mechanism to protect the vulnerable migrantworkers.

Russian Iranian strains raise spectre of US-Israeli-Russian deal on Syria

James M. Dorsey

With Israel set to host an unprecedented meeting of the national security advisors of the United States, Russia and Israel, this week’s efforts by German foreign minister Heiko Maas and Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe to mediate between the US and Iran could prove to be a sideshow.
The meeting of the national security advisors, against the backdrop of Syrian and Russian forces pummelling the northern region of Idlib, the last major stronghold of Syrian rebels, takes on added significance with strains emerging in relations between Moscow and Tehran.
Hundreds have been killed and thousands displaced in the latest attacks that have not shied away from targeting hospitals and residential areas.
In what may be marching orders for his national security advisor, John Bolton, US President Donald J. Trump tweeted last week: “Hearing word that Russia, Syria and, to a lesser extent, Iran, are bombing the hell out of Idlib Province in Syria, and indiscriminately killing many innocent civilians. The World is watching this butchery. What is the purpose, what will it get you? STOP!”
While few expect the advisors’ meeting this month in Jerusalem to produce immediate results, US and Israeli officials hope that it could prepare the ground for a deal that would further weaken Russian ties to Iran and reduce, if not terminate Iran’s presence in Syria.
Among multiple scenarios being bounced around, some analysts believe that a possible deal could involve Russia pushing Iran out of Syria, a key US and Israeli demand, in exchange for the lifting of at least some American and European sanctions against Russia and US acceptance of the regime of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.
Israeli prime minister Benyamin Netanyahu rejected a similar Russian proposal last November.
“The fact that the Russians see value in these conversations, that they’re willing to do it publicly, I think is in and of itself quite significant. And so we are hopeful that they’re coming to the meeting with some fresh proposals that will allow us to make progress,” said a senior Trump administration official.
The officials suggest that a recent Russian refusal to sell Iran its most advanced S-400 missile defense system because that could fuel regional tensions and tacit Russian acquiescence to Israeli military strikes against Iranian and Lebanese Shiite militia Hezbollah targets in Syria opens the door to a potential deal.
Iran has denied wanting to acquire the Russian system while Russia has officially demanded that Israel halt its attacks and respect Syrian sovereignty.
Mr. Bolton’s discussions with Israeli national security advisor Meir Ben-Shabbat and Nikolay Patrushev, head of Russia’s security council, could not come at worse moment for Iran as it struggles to dampen the effect of harsh US sanctions following the Trump administration’s withdrawal last year from the 2015 international agreement that curbed the Islamic republic’s nuclear program.
Analysts Udi Dekel and Carmit Valensi argued in a report published last month by the Tel Aviv-based Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) that despite public statements to the contrary, Russia like Israel, rejects a withdrawal of US forces from Syria.
After initially announcing in February a complete pullback, Mr. Trump agreed to keep several hundred US troops in the country.
Mr. Dekel and Ms. Valensi said that a US withdrawal would strengthen Iran and force Russia to allow Iran to take control of oil fields in the east of the country.
Writing in Haaretz, columnist Zvi Bar’el suggested that Russia and Iran differ over the endgame in Syria. “Russia has no intention of simply returning Syria to Assad’s control,” Mr. Bar’el said. He added that Russia sees Syria as a base to forge closer ties to the Gulf and Egypt.
Iran, by contrast, hopes to capitalize on its massive investment in Syria to maintain its influence in Lebanon, counter Saudi regional ambitions and grant it access to the Mediterranean.
Scores were killed in clashes between pro-Iranian militias and Russian forces in Aleppo and Deir az-Zor in April. Russian forces last month reportedly removed Shiite militias from areas close to the international airports of Aleppo and Damascus.
Ibrahim Al-Badawi, a Syrian columnist identified with Mr. Al-Assad’s regime, reported that Russian and Syrian security forces had arrested pro-Iranian Syrian activists.
Mr. Al-Badawi said further that a recent reshuffle of the upper echelons of the Syrian state security apparatus had been designed to weaken the position of Maher al-Assad, the president’s brother and commander of his Republican Guard as well as the army’s elite Fourth Armoured Division. Maher al-Assad is believed to be close to Iran.
Russia and Iran are “each…striving to strengthen its influence in the Syrian security apparatuses and in the militias fighting on the ground, while weakening the other side’s influence and presence… The [once-]concealed disagreements among Syria’s allies are now out in the open. It is no longer a secret that Russia, in response to a clear demand from the Gulf, aspires to weaken Iran’s influence,” Mr. Al-Badawi wrote.
A possible litmus test of the potential of the talks between the national security advisors may be whether Russia accedes to an Israeli request not to give Syria full control of the S-300 anti-missile system, the equivalent of the US Patriot batteries, that Moscow has already sold and delivered.
Israeli officials have warned their Russian counterparts that once fully controlled by Syrian forces, the S-300 would be a legitimate target.
Israel and Russia agreed four years ago to coordinate military actions over Syria in order to avoid accidentally trading fire.
Israel, however, last year rejected a Russian offer to ensure that Iranian forces would not move within 100 kilometres of the Golan Heights, occupied by Israel during the 1967 Middle East war and recently recognized as Israeli territory by the United States. Accepting the Russian offer would have amounted to tacit acceptance of an Iranian presence in Syria.
Mr. Dekel and Ms. Valensi noted in their report that Israeli forces had reduced the number of attacks on Iranian targets in Syria in a bid to improve chances of exploiting Russian-Iranian strains.
“There is a window of opportunity that allows Israel to try…with Russia and the United States…to formulate and achieve shared interests that it has with the two superpowers, most importantly increasing stability in Syria and instituting governmental reforms in Syria, along with reducing Iranian influence there,” Mr. Dekel and Ms. Valensi said.

Heat Wave – Impact on the Poor and the Marginalised

Sheshu Babu

While summer is uncomfortable to most of middle class people, it takes heavy toll of the daily laborers, marginalised casual workers and industrial manual employees. The rich and most government employees take some shelter under air conditioners or coolers but large number of ‘fourth -class’ employees, the street hawkers, peddlers, beggars and daily wagers are forced to work in scorching heat conditions. Deaths due to heat wave are reported usually without classifying their state of ‘class’ or ‘caste’ . If carefully analyzed most of those who die are from dalit and marginalised sections who work ceaselessly throughout summer for their daily bread and face risk of sun- strokes.
Consequences
The amount of overall heat energy trapped by greenhouse gasses is jaw- dropping. Between 1971 and 2010, the IPCC’s Assessment Report tells us that earth gained 274 million million billion Joules ( The Social Consequences of India’s Heat Waves Spell Doom for the Working Poor, by Nagraj Adve, originally published on June 24, 2016, thewire.in). As James Hansen said, this is ‘ equivalent to exploding 400,000 Hiroshima Atomic bombs per day 365 days per year. Since 1970, the energy trapped is equivalent to four Hiroshima bombs per second. Thus, the consequences of global warming are very grave and need to be addressed quickly and serious measures should be taken to reduce loss of life.
Estimates
The number of people dying due to heatwaves has been on the increase.in the last decade,with over 2,000 people being reported dead during 2015 heatwave in India. A paper published in ‘Science Advances’ establishes a mammoth 146 per cent increase in the probability of heat – related mortality in India due to the increase summer mean temperatures (Heatwave: Passing phase or a Natural calamity?, By Vidya Soundarajan, 10 June 2019, downtoearth.org.in). Rising global tempera- tures are leading to extreme weather climate conditions like droughts, floods heatwaves, etc. The rise of temperature has been 0.5 degree Celsius over last 50 years.
In 2010, Russia had 55,736 deaths due to heat wave in June.(www.statista.com). The costliest heat wave occurred in China in 2008 with estimated damage of 21.2 billion US$. In Italy, heat wave (2003) caused over20,000 deaths.
No assistance
During summer, the vulnerable sections face lot of suffering and diseases due to heat and humidity. They do not have proper health- care mechanism nor do they have provision of food and clean water. The slum dwellers , mostly SCs and STs or OBCs, have no proper shelters during day time. The women and their babies have insufficient protection from heat and are often exposed to hot air in the day. Governments have done little to assist these sections. They have no income to take precautionary measures. Even the supply of ORS packets is inadequate.
The laborers , specially women, lead pathetic lives. They have little time to protect their bodies from heat because of the nature of work. There is no policy for these people to protect themselves from such manual work that demands hours of exposure to the sun. Their labor goes unnoticed.
Social activists should take up their travails and tribulations in a pro-active way and put pressure on rulers to frame policies which give them help in summer and restrain them in working in sweltering heat without any minimum protection. Some sort of economic social and medical benefits programs should be formulated to tackle intense heat by the marginalised sections.

Tory cuts result in 131,000 preventable deaths in the UK

Barry Mason

A reversal of public health initiatives has led to 130,000 preventable deaths since 2012. The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) think tank lays the blame on austerity measures pursued by the 2010 Conservative/ Liberal Democrat government and continued by the Tory government of Theresa May.
The report’s title, “Ending the Blame Game,” is a critical reference to right-wing nostrums asserting that individual bad behaviour is responsible for health problems without any consideration of deteriorating social conditions.
The report notes that more than “half of the disease burden in England is deemed preventable, with one in five deaths attributed to causes that could have been avoided.”
The “disease burden has shifted away from infectious diseases to long-term chronic conditions… An estimated 15 million people in England live with a long-term condition for which there is no cure and the number of people living with multiple conditions is expected to rise significantly… [I]n many cases they are entirely preventable.”
The report noted the improvement in the UK’s ranking among 35 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries had slowed markedly since 2010. In fact, it had “hit a wall.” Between 1990 and 2010 the UK ranking for the number of disability-adjusted life years [the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death] resulting from preventable illnesses rose from 26th to 17th position, but between 2010 and 2017 it rose by only one percent to 16th position. In terms of preventable deaths, the ranking improved from 29th in 1990 to 21st by 2010, but by 2017 this had slowed, with the ranking in 2017 at 20th.
The IPPR concluded that had the rate of improvement in cutting preventable deaths continued beyond 2012, 131,000 deaths from preventable causes would have been avoided.
The report highlights the role of austerity measures in this development, explaining that a “decade of austerity has resulted in cuts to public health, prevention and mental health budgets in the NHS [National Health Service], and wider national and local government services which help drive better health.”
Noting the importance of spending on preventative measures, the study adds “for every £1 [$US1.27] spent on prevention the median return is £14 [$US17.81].”
Highlighting the role of deteriorating social conditions, the IPPR argues, “Often the most vulnerable in society are at the greatest risk of developing preventable conditions through personal behaviour which is influenced by social pressures such as poverty or job insecurity… [M]any prevention policies continue to rely on the agency of the individual to make changes. This approach fails to recognise the vast range of social, environmental and commercial determinants of poor health.”
Dean Hochlaf, lead researcher and one of the authors of the report, told the Guardian, “We have seen progress in reducing preventable disease flatline since 2012. At the same time, local authorities have seen significant cuts to their public health budgets, which have severely impacted the capacity of preventative services. Social conditions for many have failed to improve since the economic crisis, creating a perfect storm that encourages harmful health behaviours. This health challenge will only continue to worsen.”
Cuts in funding for physical education in schools are impacting on children’s health outcomes. “Funding for physical education—supposedly coming from the sugar tax revenues—was reduced in 2017 from £415m to £100m.”
The workload of health visitors who give preschool children advice and monitor their health is too large for them to be able to deliver effective outcomes. Fully 40 percent of health visitors have caseloads above 400, when the recommended level is 250.
Responding to the IPPR report, Shirley Cramer, chief executive of the Royal Society for Public Health, said, “At the heart of this report’s worrying findings are the years of chronic underfunding experienced by public health teams … who provide vital services and support … [I]t undermines the future sustainability of our NHS.”
Ian Hudspeth, chairman of the Local Government Association Community Wellbeing Board, said that “prevention is the bedrock to a healthier, more equal and prosperous society. Focusing on early intervention and prevention… is the most effective use of local government and NHS resources to help people live longer… and reduce health inequalities.” He called on the government to reverse the £700 million reduction in public health grants to local councils.
In November last year, Professor Philip Alston, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights investigated social conditions in the UK. In his final report issued in May this year, he concluded, “The bottom line is that much of the glue that has held British society together since the Second World War has been deliberately removed and replaced with a harsh and uncaring ethos.”
The IPPR findings follow a report published in November 2017 by a team of researchers at University College London (UCL). Details were published on the online medical journal BMJ Open. It noted, “The squeeze on public finances since 2010 is linked to nearly 120,000 excess deaths in England with the over 60s and care home residents bearing the brunt … The critical factor in these figures may be changes in nurse numbers (that could lead) to an additional 100 deaths every day from now on in.”
Between 2010 and 2014, real term spending on social care “has fallen by 1.19 percent every year… despite a significant projected increase in the numbers of over 85s—those most likely to need social care—from 1.6 million in 2015 to 1.8 million in 2020,” the researchers found.
Using data on death rates between 2011 and 2014, they compared them with projected trends in such rates that could have been expected had it not been for government spending cuts. They projected that by the year 2020 there would be around 200,000 excess deaths resulting from the spending cuts since 2010.
Figures released earlier this year by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries showed a six-month cut in life expectancy for UK adults. This is the largest fall since evidence emerged in 2010-11 of a slow-down in increased life-expectancy. Actuaries have concluded that the ongoing slowing of life expectancy represents “a trend as opposed to a blip.”
Sir Michael Marmot, Professor of Epidemiology at UCL, has been a leading authority on health inequalities for over four decades. Last month he addressed a packed meeting at Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts on health inequalities.
The institution’s website reported, “Something is very wrong in the United States and the United Kingdom… While the rich continue to enjoy good health and longer lives… the poor are getting sicker and dying younger.”
It continued, “Marmot said that it is social conditions surrounding poverty that cause health inequalities… [S]tressful experiences in childhood (can lead to) a lifetime of poor health outcomes … [O]ne of the ways that the root causes of health inequalities could be addressed would be to reduce childhood poverty. The US and UK have the financial capability to do so… [and] not doing it is a political decision.”
Commenting on declining life expectancy for the poor in both the UK and the US, Marmot told the meeting, “Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale.”
The above reports show how the financial crisis of 2008 has been used by the ruling elites in the UK, US and other leading capitalist economies to accelerate the destruction of social welfare and to greatly increase the wealth of the super-rich.

German parliament passes draconian deportation law

Peter Schwarz

On June 7, Germany’s grand coalition government (a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/CDU, Christian Social Union/CSU and Social Democratic Party/SPD) passed a so-called “Orderly Return Law,” which had been introduced to parliament by Interior Minister Horst Seehofer (CSU). The Greens and Left Party voted against the law, arguing there had been insufficient time for a proper parliamentary debate. The majority of deputies in the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and neo-liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) abstained.
The law overrides basic democratic rights, as the WSWS pointed out in its analysis of the original draft. Immigrants can be deported for trivial offences and can be punished if they do not voluntarily assist in clarifying their identity—a measure required to enforce their own deportation. Asylum seekers required to leave the country can more easily be sent to “security confinement” centres and put into regular prisons, although they have committed no offence.
In the course of the discussions on the draft, a further restriction was added: In future, police officers can search the home of a refugee whose request for asylum has been denied “for the purpose of seizing the foreigner for deportation.”
The new law directed against refugees and immigrants is an integral part of a systematic attack on the democratic rights of the entire working class. Hardly a day goes by without new plans and proposals aimed at increasing the powers of the police and intelligence services.
The ruling class is responding to growing disaffection and opposition by building a police state. The incessant propaganda directed against refugees and attacks on immigrants are being used to move official politics further to the right. This is an international phenomenon. The same methods are being employed by Donald Trump in the US, Matteo Salvini in Italy and Sebastian Kurz in Austria.
It is no accident that the “Orderly Return Law” was adopted shortly after the European elections, in which all the parties of the grand coalition were severely punished. With just under 45 percent of the vote, the parties forming the government lost their majority. The SPD registered its worst ever national result with 15.8 percent and is in deep crisis.
The SPD has responded with yet another lurch to the right. On the same day the Bundestag passed its new deportation law, former SPD leader Sigmar Gabriel recommended his party embrace in full the refugee policy of the far-right AfD.
In an article written for the Handelsblatt business newspaper, Gabriel praised the Danish Social Democrats as a role model. The Danish Social Democrats had shown “that socialists can win elections if they stand for a clear policy,” he wrote. “Leading candidate Mette Frederiksen was not afraid to get close to the Danish right-wing populists in her drastic shift in migrant and immigration policies.” In so doing, Gabriel continued, she had won back those people who felt overwhelmed by the country’s immigration policies.
Gabriel accused the SPD of protesting “at the relatively harmless initiatives of the German government for faster deportation,” while “the Danish Social Democrats had agreed on a—to put it mildly—‘robust’ immigration and asylum policy.”
It was a matter of “recovering control: control of one’s own territory as well as control of a deranged financial capitalism,” Gabriel concluded. “Taming the social situation, the creation of rules and the enforcement of statehood is the real theme behind the election victory of the Danish Social Democrats.”
The vice president of the Bundestag, Thomas Oppermann (also SPD), argued in a similar manner. In Der Tagesspiegel, Oppermann demanded a refugee and immigration policy “linked to tough rules which are then enforced.” “We set clear rules and insist they are enforced. With great severity, when necessary,” he said.
That the Danish Social Democrats adopted the xenophobic program of the far-right People’s Party in the parliamentary election held on June 5 is true. That it gained votes is false. At just under 26 percent, its tally was about the same as in the previous four elections.
Beneficiaries of the collapse of the People’s Party, which plummeted from 21 to 8.7 percent, were, aside from a number of smaller far-right parties, the Greens and left Liberals, who criticised the right-wing immigration policy of the right-wing government. Now both parties are likely candidates for a new coalition headed by the Social Democrats.
Gabriel, however, is quite prepared to lie through his teeth when it comes to justifying a policy directed against refugees, immigrants and the working class as a whole. The strong state and the tough rules that he, Oppermann and other social democrats are demanding are directed primarily against those workers and young people who are no longer prepared to accept social cuts, layoffs, militarism, the reinforcement of state forces and environmental destruction. Under conditions where the SPD is no longer able to win majorities in elections, it is increasingly relying on an authoritarian state.
In this respect it has the support of sections of the media, which in the past were prepared to offer up some defence of democratic rights. A commentary in the Süddeutsche Zeitung following the adoption of the new asylum law is typical.
Stefan Braun praises the law as an “historic event” with the “potential to permanently pacify dangerous conflicts.” The SZ journalist, based in Berlin, notes with satisfaction that in addition to “tightening up deportations” the Bundestag agreed another law “to facilitate immigration.” While refugees and asylum seekers are rejected, entry regulations for skilled workers urgently needed by German industry are to be simplified.
Of course, there are “critics who warn against a sell-out of asylum law when dealing with refugees,” Braun admits. However, sanctions against refugees who conceal their identity were “not only problematic, but unfortunately also the product of the experiences of many policemen and interior authorities.” The possibility of raiding an apartment in extreme cases, while representing “a major extension of powers” was “also a reaction to the fact that there are cases in Berlin and elsewhere where the authorities have been led by the nose.” Those who “do not want faith in state authority to be undermined” face a dilemma that can be resolved by the new laws, Braun claims.
This is the typical German social democrat and petty bourgeois. Dismantling fundamental democratic rights and strengthening the police are “problematic,” but when the police and state authorities say so, then “state authority” has priority. This is nothing more than the justification for a police state.

At least 95 killed in massacre at Sobane Kou village in Mali

Will Morrow 

A horrific massacre took place overnight Sunday and early Monday morning in the central Malian town of Sobane Kou. At least 95 of the town’s inhabitants were slaughtered, including women and children, but many more remain unaccounted for. This is the latest in a series of mounting sectarian massacres produced by the predatory policies of imperialism throughout the region, above all France and Germany, and their neo-colonial occupation of Mali and the Sahel.
No one has claimed responsibility for the mass killing on Sunday night, which targeted a village inhabited by the ethnic Dogon community. There is suspicion, however, that it was a retaliatory action for an equally brutal massacre on March 23, when heavily-armed Dogon fighters with ties to government security forces attacked the predominantly Muslim Fulani village of Ogossagou, near the border with Burkina Faso. They killed approximately 160 people, including men, women and children, and injured more than 50.
The official death count of 95 civilians in Sobane Kou is based only on the bodies that have already been found, most of them badly burned. It will likely rise further. The official population of the village is 300, but an Al Jazeera reporter stated that when a roll call was conducted on Monday, “they had only a few dozen people coming forward.”
A survivor of the Sobane Kou attack, who gave his name as Armadou Togo, told AFP that “about 50 heavily-armed men arrived on motorbikes and pickups. They first surrounded the village and then attacked—anyone who tried to escape was killed. ... Some people had their throats cut or were disemboweled, grain stores and cattle were torched. No one was spared—women, children, elderly people.”
A spokesman for Dan Na Ambassagou, the Dogon militia suspected of having attacked Ogossagou, said: “We are in consternation. … After the authorities inspect the site, we will proceed with the burials.”
An escalating conflict between the Fulani and Dogon ethnic communities is underway. Six months ago, a massacre at the Fulani village of Koulongon killed 39 people.
The Malian government in Bamako, despised by the population as a corrupt puppet of the Western imperialist powers occupying the country, reacted to the Sobane Kou massacre by pledging to prevent further bloodshed. President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita cut short an official visit to Switzerland, telling the local public broadcaster that the “country cannot be led by a cycle of revenge and vendetta.”
But the reality is that the bloodshed is the catastrophic outcome of the aggressive, militarist policies of the imperialist powers, above all the United States, Germany and France, and their client government in Bamako.
The origins of the conflict must be sought most immediately in the 2011 NATO war in Libya, which, with the support of right-wing fundamentalist Islamist proxy forces, destroyed the government of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. The outcome of this war was the complete destruction of Libyan society. The country is now run by rival militia groups tied to the imperialist powers, who have kept the country in a state of civil war for nearly a decade since the NATO intervention.
Following the destruction of the Gaddafi regime, thousands of fighters poured out of Libya and across the Sahara, traveling to the Sahel region, including Mali. Various rival militias declared an independent or Islamic state in northern Mali.
Paris reacted in 2013 by launching a new war to occupy its former colony, one of the poorest countries in the world, to save the Bamako regime and destroy the northern Mali militias. For six years now, Paris has sunk deeper into a quagmire in Mali. President Emmanuel Macron has continued the war, codenamed Operation Barkhane, initiated by Socialist Party (PS) President François Hollande, involving an occupation force of 4,500 French troops and troops from five former French colonies in the Sahel: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger.
As it rapidly moves to re-militarize its foreign policy, Berlin also approved military operations in support of the French only two months after the initial French invasion. Last month, the German parliament voted overwhelmingly to extend the military occupation of the country with 1,100 soldiers until 2020, at a yearly cost of 400 million euros.
These operations have nothing to do with protecting the local population from Islamist militias, which were armed and funded by US and European intelligence agencies in Libya. They are aimed at propping up the puppet government in Bamako, suppressing the resistance of the impoverished rural population and workers to the government, and maintaining their control over the resource-rich region.
The imperialist intervention in Mali led directly to the growth of ethnic tensions between the predominantly Muslim Fulani community and the Dogons. There are widespread suspicions of state involvement in the ethnic conflicts that are now erupting. The Malian government has utilized the Dogon militia in the French-led war against Islamist militias, which have recruited disproportionately among the Fulani.
There were reports that a dozen uniformed security members were among those who carried out the March 23 massacre in Ogossagou. At the same time, while the government announced that it would dissolve the militia after that massacre, this was never carried out. Nor are there reports of criminal prosecutions related to those killings.
There is, however, deep and growing opposition in the Malian population to the imperialist powers and the Bamako regime. Following the massacre on March 23, protests and strikes of tens of thousands of workers and impoverished rural people broke out, directed against the central government and the occupying forces, which the population considered responsible for allowing the attacks to take place. After a protest of tens of thousands on April 5 in the capital, the government of Prime Minister Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga was forced to resign.
Radio France Internationale-Afrique reported an outpouring of opposition on social media to the Franco-German war and the related UN military mission in the country. “What shame for the UN mission in Mali,” wrote one user on Twitter, while another wrote: “The breakthrough in Mali will be the departure of the UN force and the Barkhane force.”