Vijay Sakhuja
The recent attempt by the Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS),
the new wing of the Al Qaeda, to take control of PNS Zulfiqar, a
Pakistan Navy frigate berthed in Karachi harbour and use it to attack US
Navy warships has showcased the continued vulnerability of naval
platforms to terrorists. The purported plan was to take control of the
frigate and use other militants who would embark the ship by boat and
stay onboard as ‘stowaways’ and sail out. When on the high seas, the
ship would ‘get close to the U.S. ships…..and then turn the shipboard
weapon systems on the Americans.’
The unsuccessful AQIS raid left 10 terrorist dead including a former
Pakistan Navy officer Awais Jakhrani, who is reported to have had links
with Jihadi elements. Further interrogations have led to the arrest of
three other Pakistan Navy personnel in Quetta in Baluchistan who were
attempting to escape to Afghanistan.
The attack exposed chinks in Pakistan’s naval defences particularly
strategic infrastructure which host millions of dollars worth of naval
hardware such as ships, submarines and dockyards. It is important to
mention that this is not the first time that terrorist groups have
managed to penetrate Pakistan’s naval defences. In the past there have
been at least two other attacks on highly sensitive naval platforms and
on foreign naval personnel. In 2002, 14 persons including 11 French
naval engineers working on the submarine project were killed and 23
others were injured when an unidentified man blew himself up with his
car after ramming it into a 46-seater Pakistan Navy bus outside the
Karachi Sheraton Hotel.
The second attack was on Pakistan’s naval air base Mehran and was the
handiwork of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), a coalition of
militant groups based in the tribal areas of northwestern Pakistan. As
many as 15 attackers from the ‘Brigade 313’ of the Al
Qaeda-Harakat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami group led by Ilyas Kashmiri, took part
in the operation which left 18 naval personnel killed, 16 wounded and
two US built P-3C Orion maritime surveillance aircraft destroyed.
Significantly, the attackers had good knowledge of the naval base
including security arrangements, exit and entry points, and the details
of the hangers and aircraft.
These attacks showcase that Karachi is a staging point for maritime
terrorism particularly for those groups who have taken a liking for
naval targets. In fact, Karachi has been labeled as the ‘terror capital’
and is a paradise for terrorists, gunrunners, and drug smugglers. The
city is rife with ethnic strife and home to crime syndicates
particularly Dawood Ibrahim who is wanted in India for a number of
crimes including the 1993 Mumbai blasts. The city is also known for the
‘point of departure’ for the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks by the
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) who sailed from Karachi on three boats and later
hijacked the Kuber an Indian fishing off Porbandar, on the Gujarat coast
and landed on unsecured waterfronts in south Mumbai.
Perhaps the most discomforting issue of the attacks is that Jihadi
groups have dared the Pakistan Navy and caused enormous damage to its
reputation, morale and material. They have penetrated the rank and file
of the Pakistan Navy and the attacks on PNS Mehran and PNS Zulfiqar were
planned and executed with the help of naval personnel. Referring to the
PNS Zulfiqar attack, Pakistan Defence Minister Khawaja Asif made a
statement in the Parliament that the attack could not have taken place
“Without assistance from inside, these people could not have breached
security,” The entry of Jihadi elements is sure to cause suspicion among
the other multinational partners with whom the Pakistan Navy works
closely, particularly the United States. It is believed that some
elements in the Pakistan Navy were upset with the US its raid deep into
Pakistan which led to the killing of Osama bin Laden.
The above attacks also have a bearing on the safety and security of
Pakistan’s nuclear installations. In the absence of a nuclear submarine,
the Pakistan Navy has drawn plans to build a rudimentary sea-leg of the
nuclear triad with ships and conventional AIP-submarines fitted with
nuclear weapons. Any attempt to attack or hijack these platforms and use
them as ‘bargain chip’ for any Jihadi agenda would cause grave damage
to global security.
However, it is fair to say that the Pakistan Navy is a responsible force
and has taken part in a number of multinational operations in the
Arabian Sea-Gulf of Aden fighting pirates and terrorists under the US
led multinational coalition force TF-151. It has also been the force
commander of the coalition forces during these operations and its
professionalism has received accolades. The Pakistan naval authorities
would have to sanitize the force and rebuild its image of a highly
professional fighting force free of radical elements and jihadi thought
with a strong commitment to serve national interests and Pakistan’s
international commitments to ensure order at sea.
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