12 Jun 2020

UNDP Growth Stage Impact Ventures (GSIV) for SDGs Initiative 2020 for Developing Countries

Application Deadline: 15th July 2020 at 11:59 pm CET.

Eligible Field(s): While the proportion of people living in poverty has fallen steadily in recent decades, poverty remains widespread in numerous developing countries. Moreover, disparities in human development are significant within and between countries, as documented in the 2019 Human Development Report (HDR). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic risks a global socio-economic crisis that will push millions of people back into poverty—threating vulnerable women, children, elderly people, and informal workers most. 
The 2020 GSIV Call for Nominations will therefore promote ventures that contribute to tackling inequalities and empowering poor and vulnerable people in developing countries in the following areas: Increasing Access to Quality Health Care, Increasing Access to Affordable and Clean Energy, and Reducing and Recovering Waste. 

Type: Entrepreneurship

Who can nominate entrepreneurs?
Third parties (accelerators, impact funds, family offices, international organizations, etc.) can nominate our of their pipeline. Each third party is allowed to nominate up to 3 entrepreneurs meeting the eligibility criteria. National entities belonging to the same larger corporation may each nominate. Self-nomination by entrepreneurs is not accepted.

Eligibility: Enterprises with the following profile:
  • An established business model and strong financial track record (based on number of clients, break-even, valuation, and turnover);
  • An innovative technology, business model, or process with a strong competitive advantage (Intellectual property, clear unique selling proposition, uniqueness factor);
  • Closed a Series A deal (valued at US$500,000 or more) or reached break-even through organic growth;
  • Had their accounts audited;
  • Retained a solid team with complementary competencies to run and grow a business;
  • An impact-driven model—meaning that the venture aims to generate a measurable, positive social or environmental impact, with impact measurement metrics and/or key performance indicators in place; 
  • Mission driven enterprises (possibly within by-laws);
  • Contributed to or have the potential to contribute to the achievement of more than one SDG, in an integrated way;
  • Followed an inclusive business model with products and services that involve people at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BoP) — namely people with less than US$10 per day (in purchasing power measured in 2015 US dollars) or other excluded or vulnerable groups—as consumers, producers, suppliers, distributors, and employees;
  • Demonstrated that they are scalable at the regional, continental, or cross-sectoral level.
Finalists in the 2019 GSIV selection process are ineligible in 2020
Only ventures headquartered in developing countries, with a workforce primarily based in developing countries and providing products and services to developing countries will be eligible for the selection. In this case, by “developing countries” we mean countries where GDP per capita is less than USD 12,000 a year according to World Bank data.
The GSIV Initiative will strive to select winners from all regions and from least developed countries


Eligible Countries: Developing Countries

Number of Awards: Not specified

Selection & Value of Award: The selection process consists of four stages:
  1. Initial screening to verify compliance with minimum eligibility criteria; 
  2. Shortlisting of 24 impact ventures (8 per theme) based on the information provided by third-party nominators;  
  3. Evaluation by a Technical Committee of the in-depth profiles of shortlisted ventures with the objective of narrowing down the list to a maximum of 12 recommended ventures (4 per theme). The Technical Committee comprises representatives from international organizations, large corporations, academia, investors and thematic experts;
  4. Final selection of the 12 ventures by an Advisory Board composed of UN experts and academia. The Advisory Board can decide to recommend fewer ventures. 
  • Selected impact ventures in (4) above, will be invited to pitch during the SDG Finance Geneva Summit 2021. They will receive broad exposure before and during the event, and access to a wide network of decision-makers interested in learning more about their innovations and plans to scale up. They will have access to a prepping program, and benefit from a package of services provided by the SDG Finance Geneva Summit’s partners including one-on-one introduction to decision makers to scale up their products offering. Their travel costs will be covered (flight and per diem).
  • Third parties nominating ventures to the GSIV will be acknowledged on the event’s website and will be given one-person invitation to attend the SDG Finance Geneva Summit. Third parties whose nominees are among the 12 selected ventures will receive additional exposure during the event.
How to Apply: Nominations are through an online form, and the deadline is July 15th at 11:59 pm CET.
  • It is important to go through all application requirements in the Award Webpage (see Link below) before applying.
Visit Award Webpage for Details

French Government’s Make Our Planet Great Again Postdoctoral Program 2021 for Researchers

Application Deadline: 5th July 2020

Eligible Countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros Islands, Cuba, Djibouti, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Iraq, Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire), Jordan, Kenya, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, Paraguay, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Saint-Lucia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe.

To be Taken at (Country): France

About the Award: Launched by France’s President Emmanuel Macron, the Make Our Planet Great Again initiative has met with worldwide enthusiasm, generating expressions of interest from a large number of highly qualified students and researchers.

Research themes: Four broad research themes are prioritized:
  • – Earth systems,
  • – Climate change and sustainability,
  • – Energy transition,
  • – Societal challenges of environmental issues.
Type: Postdoctoral

Eligibility: Candidates must :
  • possess a doctoral degree for less than five years on the date of submission of the application
  • be exclusively of the nationality of one of the eligible countries (listed below)
  • not have resided in France after September 1st, 2019.
    The postdoctoral contract must take effect from January 2021 (to be specified later).
Selection Process: Consistent with the aims and requirements of this call for proposals, the selection process will unfold in two phases. In the first phase, scientific experts in the covered fields will evaluate the applications received. In the second phase, an international jury will make the final selection of candidates to receive support.

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: Institutions hosting the laureates will be financed to 50 000€ for a period of 12 months, per selected post-doctoral researchers.

Duration of Award: 6-18 months

How to Apply: Foreign researchers holding a doctoral degree (for less than 5 years) are encouraged to respond to this call for proposals. Candidates must include with their application a letter from a French host institution agreeing to host their research if the candidate’s proposal is accepted by the program. This letter has to detail the resources provided to carry out the research project. A possibility of co-financing can also be considered.

Documents needed:

  1. CV including the list of your publications
  2. PhD Diploma (or certificate if PhD diploma)
  3. CV of your postdoctoral supervisor
  4. The letter of commitment of the French host institution for hosting your post-doctorate specifying the resources provided to carry out the research project (the host institution receives a financing of 50 000€ for 12 months)
  5. Letters of recommendation.
  6. Passport or proof of ID
Application process
Candidates must submit their research proposals online here.

Visit Award Webpage for Details

Seedstars Growth Program 2020 for Entrepreneurs ($50,000 Investment)

Application Deadline: 14th June 2020

About the Award: The Growth Program is a VirtualThree Month Post-Acceleration program focused on Growth. The program is designed to help startups build a Growth Team and implement a Growth Methodology in order to support scaling up the venture and raise Series A and beyond. We have mastered the technique of organising an entire acceleration program virtually. So, rather than taking you out of your market, we bring the expertise to you so that you may remain close to your customers and your team.

Type: Entrepreneurship

Eligibility:
Achieved Product-Market Fit
  • Post-Revenue
  • Verified Business Model
  • Profitable Unit Economics
  • Ready to invest in Growth
Operating in a High-Impact sector
  • Financial Services
  • Health
  • Agriculture
  • Education
  • Government
  • Energy
  • Real Estate
  • Retail
Selection: The acceleration program team will conduct online and face-to-face interviews with the pre-selected startups before the final selection will be announced by end of June, 2020.

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award:
  • $50,000 Initial investment: $30,000 cash + $20,000 program fee
  • up to $100,000 In-kind services & perks: Services provided by Microsoft, Intel, Hubspot, Rebump, Segment, Evernote, Xero, UpWork etc.
  • Up to $500,000 Follow-On Investment: Consideration for a follow on investment from Seedstars and its global investor network.
Duration of Award: The program runs for 12 weeks through a series of 12 modules focused on Growth and Series A fundraising through weekly 1:1 mentoring sessions and webinars with subject experts

How to Apply: APPLY
  • It is important to go through all application requirements in the Award Webpage (see Link below) before applying.
Visit Award Webpage for Details

Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards 2021 for Women Entrepreneurs (USD100,000 to a winner from each region)

Application Deadline: 31st July 2020 by 2pm Paris time (CEST)

Eligible Countries: Cartier reviews applications from 7 regions (Latin America, North America, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East & North Africa, Far East Asia, South-East Asia). One from each region wins this award.

To be taken at (country): exact location still TBC

About the Award: Since 2006, the Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards have supported 219 female entrepreneurs worldwide. Each year, 21 finalists representing 7 regions (Latin America & the Caribbean, North America, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East & North Africa, East Asia and South Asia & Oceania) are selected during the first round of the competition. These finalists are then invited to attend the Awards week (exact location still TBC) during which the second round of the competition takes place. After the final jury evaluation, 7 laureates, one for each region, are announced on stage during the Awards ceremony.

Offered Since: 2006

Type: Entrepreneurship, contest

Eligibility: The Cartier Women’s Initiative Award is looking for committed female entrepreneurs heading initiatives with the potential to grow significantly in the years to come. The selection of the finalists and laureates of the competition is done by an independent international Jury of entrepreneurs, investors, business executives and other profiles engaged in the support of female entrepreneurship.
The project to be considered for the Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards must be an original for-profit business creation in its initial phase (2 to 3 years old) led by a woman:
  • The “for-profit” requirement: the business submitted for the Award must be designed to generate revenues. We do not accept non-profit project proposals.
  • The “originality” requirement: we want your project to be a new concept, conceived and imagined by the founder and her team and not a copy or subsidiary of an existing business.
  • The “initial phase” requirement: the project you submit should be in the first stages of its development meaning between 2 and 3 years old.
  • The main leadership position must be filled by a woman. A good command of English is required (both verbal and written) to take full advantage of the benefits the Award has to offer.
  • All entrants must be aged 18 or the age of legal majority in their respective countries or states of citizenship, whichever is older, on the day of the application deadline.
Selection Criteria: The Jury evaluates the projects based on criteria of creativity, sustainability (potential for growth) and impact.
  • The creativity criterion: the Jury looks at the degree of innovation shown by the overall business concept, the uniqueness of the project on the market or country where it is being developed.
  • The sustainability criterion: the Jury examines the financial impact of the business, its revenue model, development strategy and other aspects indicating its chances of long-term success and future growth.
  • The impact criterion: the Jury evaluates the effect of the business on society, in terms of jobs created or its effect on the immediate or broader environment.
  • The overall quality and clarity of the material presented: the Jury is looking for motivated and committed entrepreneurs who are passionate about their initiatives. Being clear and concise, organizing your ideas and not repeating yourself will show that you are serious about your application.
Selection Process: 
  • Round 1: The Jury selects 18 Finalists*, the top three projects of each of the 7 regions (Latin America, North America, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East & North Africa, Far East Asia, South-East Asia), on the basis of their short business plans. They receive coaching from experienced business-people to move to the next round.
  • Round 2: The Finalists are invited to the final round of competition which includes submitting a detailed business plan and presenting their projects in front of the Jury.
Number of Awardees: Based on the quality of the plan and the persuasiveness of the verbal presentation, one Laureate for each of the seven regions is selected

Value of Competition: The 21 finalists, representing the top 3 businesses from each of the 7 regions, will receive:
One-to-one personalized business coaching prior to the Awards week
A series of business coaching workshops and networking sessions during the Awards week
Media visibility for the finalists and their businesses in the months leading up to the Awards week and interview opportunities with local & international press during the Awards week
PRIZE MONEY
The 7 laureates (1 from each region) will receive:
US$ 100 000 in prize money
The 14 finalists (the two runners-up from each region) will receive:
US$ 30 000 in prize money
AWARDS PACKAGE
In addition to the prize money, all 21 finalists will be awarded:
A scholarship to attend the six-day INSEAD Social Entrepreneurship Executive Education Programme (pending admission to the programme based on eligibility criteria and selection process)
Ongoing support for the further growth and development of their business
How to Apply: Go here to apply
We suggest that you download the application form worksheet first and that you write your answers in a separate draft document. You may then copy & paste them into the online form once you are finished.

Visit Competition Webpage for details

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)/IDRC COVID-19 Global South AI and Data Innovation initiative 2020

Application Deadline: 28th June 2020 at 11:59 pm (EDT)

About the Award: Artificial intelligence (AI) and data science are key tools to support public health responses to COVID-19. IDRC and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) are providing up to CA$10 million to support AI and data research and innovations in the Global South to assist the COVID-19 pandemic response and recovery.

Countries in the Global South must also address infrastructure, governance, and implementation challenges related to new technologies. This initiative will explore how to best use responsible and inclusive tools in the Global South while ensuring they maintain the highest regard for inclusion, sustainability, and human rights.
“Sida is pleased to collaborate with IDRC on this important initiative, which primarily targets researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to lead research teams applying AI tools and data science to support the COVID-19 response and recovery in LMIC settings,” says AnnaMaria Oltorp, head of Sida’s Research Cooperation Unit.
 The program aims to support multidisciplinary research in six thematic areas:
  • Forecasting transmissions and reducing spread through policy and public health interventions;
  • Mobilizing AI and data science to understand and support gender-inclusive COVID-19 action;
  • Optimizing public health system responses for patient diagnosis, care, and management;
  • Building trust and combatting mis- and dis-information around COVID-19;
  • Strengthening data systems and information sharing about COVID-19; and
  • Supporting transparent and responsible AI, data, and digital rights governance around COVID-19 and pandemic responses.
Type: Research

Eligibility: Funding will support research that uses AI and data science to strengthen governments and public systems in responding to the current pandemic and to address future epidemics. It will also support policy research that ensures the use of AI and data is responsible (inclusive, rights-based, ethical, and sustainable) and well governed. The program will also support opportunities for Southern researchers to build capacities and collaborate with researchers globally.

Eligible Countries: Developing countries

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: The program will support projects between CA $500K to CA$1.25 million for two years (2020–2022). The project funds will be disbursed and administered by IDRC on behalf of the partnership. The number of supported projects will depend on the number, quality, review, and ranking of eligible proposals as determined by the review process. The competitive selection will be undertaken through review from a panel of experts.

Duration of Award: 24 months

How to Apply: Apply now
  • It is important to go through all application requirements in the Award Webpage (see Link below) before applying.
Visit Award Webpage for Details

IBRO-MENA (Middle East and North Africa Region) Exchange Fellowship program 2020

Application Deadline: 31st July, 2020 (11:59 p.m. C.E.T.)

About the Award: The IBRO-MENA (Middle East and North Africa Region) Exchange Fellowship program was established to advance neuroscience research and support capacity building in the MENA region through promoting and facilitating collaborations, scientific exchange, transfer of know-how and sharing of resources among institutions and scientists in the region.
The program funds visits of a minimum of 6 weeks duration to institutions in the MENA region by researchers living and working within the MENA region for the purposes of participating in collaborative work, performing specific experiments or to learn and transfer specific technical expertise to their home country.

Type: Fellowship

Eligibility:
  • Ph.D./M.D. students and young post-doctoral fellows
  • 35 years of age or less
  • Only applicants from the MENA region will be considered
  • A description of the purpose of the visit and proposed project, including description of the work to be performed, rational for selecting the host lab, expected outcomes, and impact on the research at the home institution.
  • A letter of acceptance by the host laboratory/institution is mandatory
Eligible Countries: Middle East and North Africa Region

To be Taken at (Country): Middle East and North Africa Region

Number of Awards: Not specified

Value of Award: Funding is for a maximum of USD 2000 that can be used to cover travel and local expenses.

Duration of Award: Funding is for a maximum of USD 2000 that can be used to cover travel and local expenses.

How to Apply: Applications are made online. There are no hard copies of applications. Selections are made two times a year. Applicants who are not selected in one round of evaluations may apply for a future round. Within two weeks of the conclusion of the research activity, laureates are required to send a report suitable for posting on the IBRO website. Pictures are always welcome.

Apply here.

Visit Award Webpage for Details

Looming Dictatorship Rule In Sri Lanka

Thambu Kanagasabai

Alarm bells are ringing and heard from various quarters about the direction of Sri Lanka being piloted by the military machine of Rajapakahe’s clan led by the military mindset President Gotabaya Rajapakshe who has a penchant to in tolerate criticism and opposition from any source and not hesitating to eliminate them by any means.
President Gotabaya was not involved in active politics as he himself admitted recently. He won the presidential election in December 2019 pleading
openly for the votes of Sinhala Buddhists and obtained them handsomely. He also vowed to avoid the “Kingmakers role of the minorities in forming a government”, and further pledged “To respect the aspirations of the majority of people [SINHALESE] which will only safeguard the sovereignty of people”. Thus, he is committed and dedicated to rule the country for the benefits of Sinhalese, their language, religion, culture, traditions and Buddhisization, shutting out the minorities – Tamils and Muslims in the running of his government. True to his promise, he has excluded Tamils and Muslims in his Cabinet except Duglas Devananda who is a permanent stooge of any government in power.
The President soon after assuming his office has embarked on an agenda of militarization and Buddhisization of Sri Lanka by enlisting the services of retired and current serving military personnel who were in service with him when he was in the Army. This genocidal process is being executed steadily and quietly without any murmur or strong protests while Covid-19 is providing the shield as the whole island is pre-occupied with fear for their lives and curfews closing the channels for popular protests and demonstrations.
The militarization though it affects the Sinhalese to some extent, the main focus, thrust and impact is directed towards the Tamil civilians and their lands in the North and Eastern Provinces [The traditional and historical home land of the Tamils.] There is no iota of doubt that a genocidal dictatorship has been unleashed if one can see the various undemocratic dictatorial steps executed by the President during the last six months.
  1. The President has promised promotion for about 14,000 soldiers who participated in the genocidal war for their deadly contributions. ‘AS NATIONAL HEROS’ . These are the rewards for the alleged war criminals etc, not to mention the promotion and top posts given to Major Shavendra de Silva and Kamal Gunaratna who face command responsibility for the alleged commission of war crimes etc.
  2. May 18th is remembered and commemorated peacefully as a day of GENOCIDE by the Tamils all over the world since 2010 described as ‘MULLIVAIKKAL REMEMBERENCE DAY’. This year’s commemorations in the North and East were disturbed, blocked and prevented by the Police and Military even though the protesters followed the social distancing and other guidelines – in the pretext of Covid-19, while the Sri Lankan Government conducted ‘NATIONAL WAR HEROS DAY’ celebration flouting the government and Health official’s guidelines.
  3. Sri Lankan Security Forces in the North and East are virtually given a free hand to deal with the civilians and Press to muzzle their oppositions and criticisms against the Government and Security Forces. The recent banning of ‘SANGATHI NEWS’ website is a warning to the others who dare crossing the Government lines. Complaints of torture and assault on civilians have been reported recently in the North by the Security Forces. These incidents show the domination of Security Forces to execute repressive measures against the Tamil civilians.
  4. The President’s recent appointments of two Task Forces composed of Military and Security Officials some of whom are suspected war criminals is simply an act of a DICTATOR who keeps out the participation of civilians to protect his position. The first Task Force is mandated to “BUILD A SECURE COUNTRY, DISCIPLINED, VIRTUOUS AND LAWFUL SOCIETY’. This Task force consists of 13 Military officials; most of them are alleged to have committed war crimes while serving as disciplined Military members, Furthermore, the words ‘DISCIPLINED SOCIETY’ is a nebulous term with no definition. Building of a disciplined society involves enforcement and orders which could also allow punishment for those who are considered as in-disciplined like groups staging peaceful protests and expressing criticisms in the Press. Besides, a country can be a secure one only when all of its citizens enjoy equal rights, non-discrimination, recognition and respect for their language, culture, history and religion. In this respect, Sri Lanka has long lost its secure status notably from 1956 with its genocidal pogroms coupled with the agenda of Buddhisisation and Snhalisisation. President has thus implicitly admitted that Sri Lanka is now not a secure country and task of building of a secure Sri Lanka is possible only by enlisting the services of Security Forces and Buddhist Monks who only contributed to the present insecurity of the country right from 1956.
Another job of Task Force is ‘TO CURB ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES OF SOCIAL GROUPS’. It is well known that curbing illegal activities is the sole duty and responsibility of POLICE FORCE which has been performing these functions since 1948. By the act of the President the Police Force has now become de-functional and also devalued. It is unclear to understand SOCIAL GROUPS committing illegal activities suddenly and the definition of SOCIAL GROUPS  is vague and it is anybody’s guess. They could be Sports associations, religious and charitable associations, human rights associations political association and parties etc. Granting the powers to take legal action for those responsible in a social group is nothing but an arbitrary abuse of power and it appears to aim at the suppression of freedom of speech, expression and peaceful association whenever the TASK FORCE considers them as illegal. The judicial powers and law and order enforcement being given to a body constituting Security Forces is nothing but a deadly blow to the functioning of independent Commissions including Judicial administration. These steps clearly undermine the democratic set up of Sri Lanka. It is not clear whether anyone affected by an illegal Act of TASK FORCE can seek the protection and intervention of judiciary.
The second TASK FORCE comprising exclusively Sinhala members including military officials and Buddhist monks are entrusted to “Take steps to preserve the historical heritage of Sri Lanka in the East”.  This will involve engaging in archaeological explorations and searches. This TASK FORCE has completely shut out Tamil or Muslim member so as to confine the findings exclusively for the interests of the Government. This step is nothing but a sinister move and cover to seize lands belonging to Tamils and Muslims in the East under the pretext of conducting surveys and researches in those lands. There is also a possibility that archeological findings or evidences relating to Tamil’s history could be kept hidden discarded, unpublished an even destroyed.
In short, a covert and overt genoncidal military dictatorship is underway as the following facts reveal:
  1.   Reconciliation is no more in the dictionary of the Government and a just political settlement for the Tamils is out of question as there is not even an acknowledgement of the 70 years old ethnic problem by the President.
  2.   In the event of the present Government obtaining a 2/3rd majority in the coming general election, Sri Lanka will have a new constitution with an Executive President vested with unbridled and unquestionable powers taking control and custody of independent Commissions like Police, Public Service and Judiciary.
  3.   Buddhisisation and Sinhalsisation in the North and East will be accelerated to attain the goal of a SIHALA BUDDHIST STATE;
  4.   Tamils and Muslims in the North and East will be at the mercy of the Security Forces permanently residing there while seizing control and running of all civil institutions and engaging in surveillance. Illegal arrests, detentions, torture and disappearances will become formal and normal with hardly any protection from any judicial authorities. Already several civil ministries have been brought under the control of Ministry of Defence  The President’s goal of  dictatorship is also made easier as the International Community will be satisfied with statements of concern while the paralyzed and inactive Tamil political leaders will be contented  with occasional statements and then relapse into hibernation while ensuring their perks and privileges as members of a devalued Parliament.
In short, death knell for democracy involving accountability, Justice, Reconciliation, Rule of Law and Good Governance will be guaranteed in the near future coupled with international isolation due to withdrawal from UNHRC and other International Organizations.
The end result will be the gradual and steady moves to ensure the process of non-existence of Tamils in Sri Lanka. It is relevant to quote the statement of President on May 21, 2020 at a Cabinet meeting when he asserted that “Even if Supreme Court orders that Parliament be re-convened, he would not do so. He will use his Presidential powers to veto, postpone or re-convene and immediately suspend”.
This statement of the President reveals his true and underlying lethal motive and intentions to assume the position as Commander in Chief of not only Armed Forces but also of Parliament, Judiciary and Civil Service.

Libyan civil war intensifies amid growing international negotiations

Hasan Yıldırım

The domestic and international parties of the civil war in Libya have recently intensified talks as Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj’s UN-recognized Government of National Accord (GNA) in Tripoli advanced on the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Khalifa Haftar.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called his US counterpart, Donald Trump, Monday about Libya and other regional issues. Afterwards, Erdoğan announced: “A new era may begin between the US and Turkey regarding the [Libyan] process, and we had some agreements during our conversation, and such a step could be taken.”
This comes amid growing international diplomatic initiatives across the region. On June 4, in the Turkish capital, Ankara, al-Sarraj met Erdoğan to discuss recent developments in the North African country. Then, at a joint press conference, Erdoğan once again denounced Haftar as a “putschist.”
“History will judge those who cause bloodshed and tears in Libya by supporting the putschist Haftar,” Erdoğan said at the press conference. For his part, al-Sarraj told Haftar’s forces: “you have been defeated in Tripoli; just accept it.”
On June 6, in Cairo, Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, who came to power in a US-backed coup, met Haftar and his political ally Aguila Saleh Issa of the Tobruk-based House of Representatives in Libya. After the meeting, Sisi, Haftar and Saleh Issa held a joint press conference and issued a Cairo Declaration also calling for a ceasefire and diplomatic talks in Libya. Previously, Haftar had rejected diplomacy and calls for a ceasefire when his forces were gaining ground against the GNA.
Throwing its military and diplomatic weight behind Sarraj, Ankara denounced this declaration as “stillborn.” Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu told reporters on Wednesday: “Amid recent victories of the Government of National Accord, they are calling for a truce as Haftar began to lose on the ground. The cease-fire efforts in Cairo are stillborn.”
However, Washington has also continued separate discussions with Cairo. According to a White House statement, “President Trump praised President El-Sisi’s efforts last weekend to promote political reconciliation and de-escalation in the Libyan conflict,” during a phone call Wednesday.
The European Union’s (EU) response on the Cairo Declaration was not positive, calling on parties in the conflict to adhere to the German-led Berlin conference held in January. EU spokesperson Peter Stano declared on Monday that “In general, any initiative in line with the UN-led Berlin process is a positive development. But no alternative to the inclusive political solution of the Berlin process, also confirmed by the UN, is acceptable.”
A further joint statement Tuesday by EU High Representative Josep Borrell and the foreign ministers of France, Germany and Italy urged “all Libyan and International parties to effectively and immediately stop all military operations and engage constructively [in negotiations] for a comprehensive political agreement in accordance with the parameters agreed upon in Berlin.”
On Monday, Erdoğan also stressed his “sadness” about Russia’s participation in the Cairo Summit, declaring: “Especially Russia’s participation in Cairo Summit with a different role along with Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi administration, France, and Jordan saddened us.” Previously, Erdoğan had accused the Kremlin of deploying mercenaries to Libya alongside Haftar’s forces.
The negotiations proceed as the civil war continues with unabated violence in Libya. The GNA announced that it had recaptured the surroundings of Tripoli, which Haftar’s army has besieged for nearly a year. It also recently captured several strategic LNA strongholds, including al-Watiya airbase near the Tunisian border, Tripoli International Airport and settlements like Ain Zara, Vadi er-Rebi and Tarhuna. The GNA’s Libyan Army announced that it had launched a new operation called Victory Road targeting Sirte, Al Jufra and oil fields in southern Libya.
Libya has been the scene of a bloody civil war since the 2011 NATO war and the assassination of longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. Since then, armed factions serving as foreign proxies have divided the country into two main rival power centers. Moreover, Libya has seen a surge in confirmed COVID-19 infections from 75 on May 25 to 378 as of Wednesday—likely a significant underestimate—under conditions where it is highly vulnerable to a pandemic after the destruction of its health care system by years of imperialist and civil wars.
Italy and Turkey are backing the GNA to gain more from the partition of energy resources in Libya and the eastern Mediterranean. Turkey’s intervention in the conflict—deploying soldiers, drones and Islamist fighters from Syria—has changed the trajectory of the civil war to the GNA’s benefit.
Ankara aims to benefit from the carve-up of Libyan oil reserves overseen by the imperialist powers and from a future reconstruction of Libya. Moreover, it has broader ambitions in the eastern Mediterranean. Turkey and the GNA signed agreements in November on military assistance and maritime boundaries to guarantee Turkish rights to offshore drilling in the eastern Mediterranean. Last month, Turkish Energy and Natural Resources Minister Fatih Dönmez announced that Turkey “will be able to start our oil exploration operations there within three to four months.”
Last month, in a joint declaration, the foreign ministers of Greece, Egypt, France, the UAE, and Cyprus accused Ankara’s drilling activities in eastern Mediterranean as “illegal.”
The LNA, which controls vast swathes of eastern and southern Libya and is aligned with an influential faction of the House of Representatives, a rival parliamentary body that fled to the eastern city of Tobruk near the Egyptian border in 2014, is being armed by the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, France and Russia. Until recently, it held the upper hand in the conflict.
By militarily supporting the belligerent parties in Libya, countries like Turkey, Russia and Egypt aim to be key actors not only in Libya but also in the eastern Mediterranean. However, the US and European imperialist powers’ intervention in both the Libyan conflict and the broader scramble for Africa and eastern Mediterranean will be decisive, threatening a regional or even world war.
There is no joint position on Libya within the EU. Italy gives open support to the GNA to maintain the positions of its energy giant ENI. ENI, through its joint venture with Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC), controls the el-Feed oil field along with other concessions in the Ghadames Basin in southwest Libya, as well as critical export and refining facilities in the north. However, France supports the LNA. Last year, Paris withdrew its ambassador to Italy as tensions mounted between Paris and Rome over Libya.
Germany is trying to use its contacts with both opposing factions in Libya to increase its own influence across the region. Berlin has prepared to intervene more violently in Libya and Africa through the EU, such as its broad participation in the “ Irini “ military mission in the Mediterranean. This decision, praised by Foreign Minister Heiko Maas (SPD) as an example of Germany assuming “more responsibility in the world,” is part of the German bourgeoisie’s drive to remilitarize its foreign policy.
As the WSWS stated last month, the United States has been backing both sides in the conflict so far. However, recent US statements signal that its neutrality could change to oppose growing Russian influence in Libya and across the region. After Sarraj’s call with Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, the US Embassy in Libya declared on its social media account on May 25: “The United States is proud to partner with the legitimate, UN-recognized government of Libya, the GNA.”
On May 26, General Stephen Townsend, commander of US Africa Command, declared on social media: “Russia is clearly trying to tip the scales in its favor in Libya. Just like I saw them doing in Syria, they are expanding their military footprint in Africa using government-supported mercenary groups like Wagner. … The world heard Mr. Haftar declare he was about to unleash a new air campaign. That will be Russian mercenary pilots flying Russian-supplied aircraft to bomb Libyans.”
In an interview with Italian daily La Repubblica last month, NATO’s Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg declared, “NATO is ready to give its support to the government of Tripoli,” adding that the alliance has not “put on the same level the forces led by Haftar and the government of Fayez al-Sarraj, the only one recognized by the UN.”

New Zealand Police ends armed units after widespread opposition

Tom Peters

On June 9, New Zealand Police Commissioner Andrew Coster announced that Armed Response Teams (ARTs) would not be made permanent, following a six-month trial that ended in April.
Coster’s announcement follows protests by thousands of people on June 1 in all major New Zealand cities as part of the global demonstrations over the US police murder of George Floyd. Opposition to the ARTs was a significant factor fuelling the local events.
Police also received thousands of emails opposing the ARTs and tens of thousands of people expressed their opposition on social media.
The decision represents a temporary retreat by the police, which has long been seeking to equip all frontline officers with guns. Efforts to militarise the police will continue as the ruling elite, like its counterparts internationally, prepares to confront growing opposition to social inequality and war.
New Zealand is one of a handful of countries where officers do not carry guns by default, although they are in police vehicles, and officers frequently carry tasers (introduced by the previous Labour Party government in 2008). There is also a heavily-armed Police Armed Offenders Squad, which is regularly called out.
The Labour Party-led government exploited the March 15, 2019 Christchurch massacre as a pretext to test the ARTs in three working-class areas: Christchurch, Waikato and Counties Manukau in South Auckland. Then-Police Commissioner Mike Bush declared that “the operating environment has changed, particularly since March 15.”
Armed police would not have prevented the terrorist attack, in which fascist gunman Brenton Tarrant killed 51 people and wounded 49. In fact, Tarrant was able to carry out his atrocity because police in Australia and New Zealand ignored multiple warnings about neo-Nazi threats against Muslims, and dismissed reports about the danger posed by Tarrant.
When the ART trial began, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said it did not constitute “routine” arming, something she “totally opposed.” She claimed the ARTs were “specialised” units for dealing with armed offenders.
These assurances were completely hollow. In the first five weeks of the trial, according to Radio NZ, the new teams were deployed 75 times a day— more deployments per week than the Armed Offenders Squads had in an entire year.
Newshub reported on May 30 that during the first three months the ARTs “were used 339 times for bail checks, 224 times for basic enquiries, 223 times for suspicious activity and 43 times for burglar alarms.” The armed officers were used 1,406 times for traffic stops.
Armed incidents made up less than 3 percent of those attended by armed officers.
These figures represent only a fraction of the incidents attended by the ARTs. Radio NZ reported on June 5 that during the first two months data was collected for just 17 percent of callouts. An internal police document from December 2019 referred to “a general under-reporting of deployment activity and selective reporting practices across each district.”
Auckland University statistician Thomas Lumley commented that selective reporting “completely undermines” the trial. Officers may have filled out paperwork only for incidents “where they felt that having armed police there was helpful.”
The trial followed a sharp increase in police violence. From 2007 to 2017, police shot 35 people, more than in the previous 40 years. In the seven months from December 2019 to May 2020, cops have shot four people dead.
Of those shot in the past 10 years (fatal and non-fatal), two thirds were Maori or Pacific Islanders. These groups, which make up about 24 percent of the population, are over-represented in the poor and the working-class suburbs where police resources are concentrated.
A survey of 1,155 Maori and Pacific people by ActionStation, published in April, found that 85 percent opposed the ART trial and 78 percent had “experienced or witnessed police acting with bias or racism.”
Opposition was also expressed in support for the #ArmsDownNZ hashtag, which was tweeted thousands of times following the murder of George Floyd.
Healthcare workers were among those voicing concerns. Chris Poynter wrote: “I am an Intensive Care Specialist and have only dealt with a handful of gunshot wounds in 15 years in NZ ICUs. Why would we want to change that now?”
Psychologist Samuel Clack tweeted: “Police brutality is a mental health issue too. People with serious mental illness are 16x more likely to be killed by the police. Police are frequently the first point of contact for vulnerable people in distress. We need to protect our communities.”
Commissioner Coster told Stuff the ARTs were scrapped because “it’s been clear to me that there has not been acceptance of this as an appropriate style of policing in New Zealand.” Police had received 4,000 letters in the last week alone opposing the units.
The working class should be warned: the backdown over the ARTs does not signal an end to the militarisation of the police. With an election coming up in September, the governing coalition of Labour, the Greens and NZ First, apparently thought it politically unwise to introduce armed units at this point, amid the worldwide outrage over police violence.
In an open letter to Coster, Green Party co-leader Marama Davidson and justice spokesperson Golriz Ghahraman said the ARTs could lead to “dangerous, military-style policing,” which would impact “low socio-economic and predominantly brown communities.”
The government, however, has already significantly strengthened the police, as well as the military and intelligence agencies. An extra 1,800 front-line officers have been recruited, and police training programs in schools have been expanded.
Police Minister Stuart Nash has insisted that decisions about whether police should carry guns are “operational matters,” which do not require any special authorisation from the government. This means the Police Commissioner can still order a general arming at any time.
Coster told Radio NZ on June 10 that he was considering giving officers rubber bullets. These have been used against peaceful protesters in the US, causing serious injuries.
The New Zealand state clearly anticipates a similar eruption of mass protests, as well as strikes in opposition to rapidly increasing unemployment, poverty and inequality. To prop up capitalism, the ruling elite is preparing to forcibly suppress such a movement of the working class.

Mass layoffs continue as 1.5 million file new US unemployment claims

Shannon Jones

Last week workers filed more than 1.5 million new US jobless claims as job-cutting continues in the midst of the still raging coronavirus pandemic. Through the week ending May 30, 20.9 million workers were drawing unemployment benefits, down only slightly from April.
The new claims push the total number of those filing for unemployment benefits over the last 12 weeks to 44.1 million. It is now being predicted that weekly claims will not drop below 1 million until July. Before the pandemic, the previous record for weekly claims was 695,000 in October 1982. While new claims fell in a number of states, they rose sharply in California, (29,000) Massachusetts (17,000) and Maryland (9,000)
An additional 706,000 people filed initial claims under Pandemic Unemployment Assistance, a separate program that expands eligibility to the self-employed and independent contractors, among others. About 10 million workers are currently receiving financial aid through the program.
A woman looks at signs at a store in Niles, Ill., Wednesday, May 13, 2020. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh)
The latest weekly figures come as serious concerns persist over the validity of figures showing a drop in the unemployment rate in May to 13.3 percent from 14.7 percent in April. The fall in the unemployment rate contradicted the expectations of economists.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) admitted that its May and April figures seriously understated the true rate of unemployment, by 3 percent in May and a whopping 5 percent in April. The BLS said the problem was due to a data collection “error.”
Questions have also been raised over the striking discrepancy between the BLS figure of 20.9 million unemployed and the weekly jobless claims report, which shows that a total of 30 million are claiming continuing unemployment benefits in all programs.
The persistent high level of new unemployment claims demonstrates that even as workers laid off due to the pandemic are being recalled, the economy continues to bleed jobs, as companies stagger under the continuing impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
The public sector has been particularly hard hit as tax revenues dry up. State and local governments cut 571,000 jobs in May after cutting 1 million jobs in April. One expert predicted that state and local governments would cut 3 million jobs as a consequence of budget shortfalls. Education will be hardest hit, both K-12 and higher education.
Alaska Air said it plans 3,000 job cuts after it burns through the $992 million in federal bailout money that requires it to maintain jobs through the end of September. The airline said job cuts will likely begin in October. According to Fortune Magazine, global airlines have announced 70,000 job cuts, and more will take place in the US in the fall.
Meanwhile, many of those filing for unemployment benefits are still waiting for payment on their claims. A survey by ZipRecruiter found that one-third of claimants who lost their jobs due to the pandemic are still waiting for their money. The survey was done between June 1 and June 4.
The idea floated by President Donald Trump that the recession triggered by the pandemic would be V- shaped, with a quick recovery, is being increasingly discredited. US economic output is predicted to fall by 6.5 percent through the end of 2020.
On Wednesday, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell played down the idea that a full recovery is in the offing. “I think we have to be honest, that it’s a long road,” he said, pointing to the serious impact the pandemic is having on wide sectors of industry. “It could be some years before we get back to those people finding jobs.”
The Federal Reserve is now predicting that unemployment will still be at 9.3 percent by the end of 2020, near the high recorded in the 2008-2009 recession. Powell noted, “This is the biggest economic shock, in the US and the world, really, in living memory.”
He said that many job cuts will be permanent. “My assumption is that there will be a significant chunk, well into the millions,” He added there will be many “who don’t get to go back to their old job, and, in fact, there may not be a job in that industry for them for some time.”
Wells Fargo noted the continued high level of unemployment claims indicates “that layoffs have clearly spread well beyond” the industries directly impacted by the pandemic and state lockdowns. It pointed to cuts in manufacturing, administration and professional service companies.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the economy added 2.5 million jobs in May after losing 22 million jobs in March and April. The additional hiring mainly reflected workers being recalled to their previous jobs after being laid off due to the pandemic.
Meanwhile, the BLS is continuing to fend off suspicions that it has played fast and loose with the unemployment figures.
According to a note appended at the bottom of its May report, the BLS said unemployment numbers reported in May represented a 3 percent undercount due to errors in data collection, making the actual unemployment rate 16.3 percent. A similar “error” in April undercounted the total unemployed by 5 percent, making the real total a shocking 19.7 percent. The “error,” if that is what it was, is by far the largest in the history of the BLS.
The unemployment numbers are collated from tens of thousands of interviews by data collectors. The BLS says interviewers wrongly classified some unemployed workers as employed but “absent from work" due to “other reasons,” when they really should have been listed as temporarily laid off due to pandemic-related workplace shutdowns. This misclassification affected nearly a million workers in May.
Questions remain over why if, as the BLS states, the collection error came to its attention in March, it persisted through May.
In addition, economists were struggling to explain the discrepancy between the 21 million reported as unemployed by the BLS and the 30 million that continue to collect jobless benefits. They pointed to several factors, including the above-cited data collection error as well as the possibility that some of the 10.3 million “gig economy” workers collecting benefits under the temporary expansion of unemployment benefits were not counted in the unemployed totals.
Economists also pointed to the low response rate in May as an area of concern when evaluating the accuracy of the numbers. Only 67 percent of households responded to the survey in May, which is significantly lower than the typical 80 percent response rate before the pandemic. Fewer people being sampled means that the figures are based overall on a less representative sample of the population.
Adding to suspicions, an independent report by human resource provider ADS showed that the economy lost 2.76 million jobs in May instead of adding 2.5 million, as stated by the BLS.
BLS Commissioner William Beach, appointed by Trump to head the agency in 2019, denied allegations the data had been fudged and said that such allegations stem from an “enormous ignorance” of how the BLS operates.
Whatever the truth about possible tampering—and there is every reason for suspicion—the relatively favorable unemployment numbers gave a boost to the Trump administration, which was reeling from crisis in the midst of mass protests over police violence and continuing opposition by workers to the premature reopening of the economy even as COVID-19 infections were on the rise in many areas. The positive employment report for May also helped boost stock prices, which soared on the news.
The figures were also cited by Republican members of Congress as an argument for not extending the $600 weekly supplement to unemployment benefits enacted in April as a result of the pandemic.
While winding down assistance to the unemployed, the Trump administration, Congress and the Federal Reserve have committed to taking all necessary measures to prop up the stock market, pledging unlimited amounts of cash and zero interest rates.

Washington steps up strategic bomber flights threatening Russia, China

Alex Lantier

Even as the United States is devastated by the COVID-19 pandemic, Washington is stepping up flights of drones and nuclear-capable strategic bombers threatening Russia and China.
Reports emerged on Wednesday that the US Air Force is flying B-1 strategic bombers from the Pacific island of Guam and Global Hawk spy drones from Yokota Air Base in Japan to the South China Sea. Four B-1 bombers and 200 airmen have been deployed from Dyess Air Force Base in America to Andersen Air Base in Guam. The deployment of spy drones allows for continuous monitoring of Chinese ships along China’s coastline.
On the same day, US F-22 fighter jets intercepted two flights of Russian TU-95 strategic bombers off the Alaskan coast, after Russian officials complained of provocative flights by US bombers near Russia’s borders in Europe. These included May 29 flights by B-1 bombers in the Black and Baltic Seas, and a June 3 flight by a B-52 bomber over the Arctic Ocean.
A 9th Expeditionary Bomb Squadron B-1B Lancer flies over the East China Sea May 6, 2020. (U.S. Air Force/ River Bruce)
These events are a warning: imperialism never sleeps. Even as the world’s attention was focused on Trump’s demands that the US military deploy against the American people to crush mass protests against the May 25 police killing of George Floyd, Washington and its European allies were stepping up war plans. They are proceeding aggressively even though their principal targets are major powers with large nuclear arsenals.
Amid growing social anger over police brutality and the financial aristocracy’s criminal negligence on the COVID-19 pandemic, the danger that the ruling elite will try to suppress class conflict by launching external wars is only mounting.
Last month, Washington announced it was sending several B-1s to the South China Sea. “When the commander in chief says he wants four B-1B Lancers in the Indo-Pacific, we say ‘they’ll be there’ even in a pandemic,” said US Air Force Colonel Jose Sumangil. “And that’s what we did on very short notice. We were able to make this happen because of the effort as a whole from Team Dyess to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission while sustaining our mission capabilities.”
The B-1B is a supersonic strategic heavy bomber capable of transporting a wide range of weapons including guided missiles and bombs, as well as B61 and B83 thermonuclear bombs. The B83 bomb has the power of 1.2 megatons of TNT—80 times more than the bomb Washington dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.
On May 29, as protests against the George Floyd’s murder erupted across America, the Russian Defense Ministry reported: “Air defense forces of the West and South military districts detected US Air Force B-1B strategic bombers over neutral waters in the Black and Baltic Seas. Russian fighters were deployed to escort them… Russian fighter crews approached the aerial targets while respecting security distances and identified them as B-1B bombers, and the US bombers then changed course, moving away from the Russian Federation’s borders.”
The bombers had departed Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota for a nonstop flight to Europe. Escorted by Polish, Romanian and Ukrainian fighter jets and refueled by a Turkish tanker, the B-1s flying to the Black Sea also entered Ukrainian airspace. The Black Sea is home to major Russian naval bases including Sevastopol in the Crimea, a majority Russian-speaking region formerly in Ukraine that Russia annexed after the 2014 NATO-backed coup in that country.
Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Albrecht indicated that the flight was an exercise for plans to destroy the Russian Black Sea fleet with Long-Range Anti-Ship Missiles (LRASM). He said, “LRASM plays a critical role in ensuring US naval access to operate in both open-ocean and littoral environments due to its enhanced ability to discriminate between targets from long range.”
On June 3, two days after Trump deployed troops to the American capital, a lone B-52 was escorted by Norwegian fighter jets in Scandinavia near Russian territory. “The flight involved missions over the Arctic Ocean and Laptev Sea and the aircraft conducted training with Luftforsvaret F-16s and F-35s,” the NATO Allied Air Command announced on Facebook.
This underscores the complicity of Washington’s European NATO allies in the escalating threats against Russia and China. NATO Secretary-General and former Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg told the BBC these deployments are “about the global approach of NATO, because China is coming closer to us. We see that in the Arctic, we see they are heavily investing in critical infrastructure in Europe, and we see of course China operating in cyberspace.”
Yesterday, Beijing condemned as “provocative” the flight of a US C-40A military transport plane over Taiwan, criticizing it for placing into question Washington’s commitment to the unity of China. A spokeswoman for Beijing’s Taiwan Affairs Office said the flight “harms our sovereignty, security and development interests and violates basic principles of international law and international relations.”
Already on June 5, the US guided missile destroyer USS Russell had transited the Taiwan Straits, leading Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang to ask Washington to “avoid damaging China-US relations and peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait.”
Washington’s escalating resort to military-police repression against workers at home goes hand-in-hand with a longstanding policy of eliminating all restrictions on its aggression abroad.
It aims to scrap the last remaining treaty limit on its nuclear arsenal, to which the Obama administration allocated $1 trillion in 2014-2024. After Washington repudiated the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty in 2001 to build “Star Wars” systems targeting enemy missiles, Trump scrapped the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty in 2018. Now Washington aims to repudiate the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), originally signed in 1991.
While Russia has offered to extend the treaty for five years, Trump has refused to negotiate unless China joins the talks and accept limits to its nuclear arsenal. However, Beijing has refused.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said, “As is known to all, China's nuclear power is not on the same order of magnitude as that of the United States and Russia… Not participating in trilateral talks does not mean China will be absent in the global efforts on nuclear disarmament. It is the United States who has been obstructing these efforts and walking further down the wrong path of being a quitter.” Hua said Washington is trying to “shift responsibility to others” as it scraps arms control treaties.
Indeed, the various US conflicts with Russia and China are ever more bound up with moves by the Moscow and Beijing regimes to deter Washington from attacking them, including potentially with nuclear weapons. Thus, the French Institute for Foreign Relations (IFRI) points to the nuclear dimension of conflict over the South China Sea, where China has a key nuclear missile submarine base on Hainan Island. It compares China’s policy with the Soviet Union’s Cold War policy of hiding submarines in the inland Sea of Okhotsk, where they could threaten to launch a counterstrike on the United States if Washington attacked the USSR with nuclear weapons.
The IFRI writes, “Too vulnerable to allied anti-submarine warfare assets to conduct deterrent patrols outside protected waters, Soviet nuclear missile submarines were confined to the heavily-guarded Sea of Okhotsk, relying on the long range of their ballistic missiles to create an effective nuclear deterrent. Similarly, the construction of military outposts and airfields on the various disputed islands of the South China Sea may be part of a larger effort to build a ring of protection for Chinese nuclear missile submarines to patrol safely.”
These mounting conflicts and threats of nuclear war constitute a warning to workers in America and internationally. The more opposition mounts in the working class against social inequality and police repression, the more aggressively the imperialist ruling classes turn towards war—even if it has the most catastrophic consequences for humanity.